The invention discloses a lithium iron phosphate battery self-rescue system and method. The lithium iron phosphate battery self-rescue system comprises a charging unit, a power supply, an upper computer, a control unit, a switch matrix unit, a standby battery, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, a battery pack, a voltage sampling unit, a current sampling unit and a temperature sensor. By applying the lithium iron phosphate battery self-rescue system and method provided by the invention, the charge and operation states of the battery can be predicted according to parameters such as battery voltage, current and temperature detected in real time, the operation state of the battery can be judged, the battery pack can be self-rescued when a single battery breaks down, and a faulty battery can be replaced with the standby battery. Comprehensive depth perception of a transformer substation direct-current battery pack system can be realized, accurate and rigorous operation and maintenance protection measures are provided, stable operation of the battery pack is ensured, and power supply safety is ensured.