The invention discloses a solar power generation device provided with a floating foam cement board. The floating type solar power generation device comprises a solar photovoltaic panel, a mounting plate, a fixing plate, a mounting support, a fixing frame, the floating foam cement board, steel cable lifting ropes, stabilizing reinforced concrete blocks, lifting rings, floating stabilizing barrels and hydraulic cylinders, wherein the solar photovoltaic panel is mounted on the mounting plate through fixing buckles, the mounting plate is mounted on the fixing plate, the mounting support is connected onto the hydraulic cylinders, the hydraulic cylinders are fixedly mounted on the fixing frame filled with the floating foam cement board, the lifting rings are connected with the stabilizing reinforced concrete blocks through the steel cable lifting ropes and mounted at four corners of the bottom end of the fixing frame, the floating stabilizing barrels are mounted on side surfaces of the fixing frame, and foam cement belongs to a closed-pore honeycomb-like inorganic thermal insulation material. The solar power generation device is characterized in that a large number of closed pores are formed in cement, so that the cement material is light, the honeycomb-like structure has certain strength and good floatability, the solar power generation device is mounted on the fixing frame floating in water, and the land area occupied by a power station is saved.