559results about How to "High production cost" patented technology

The invention comprises systems and methods for evaluating changes in the operational efficiency of an HVAC system over time. The climate control system obtains temperature measurements from at least a first location conditioned by the climate system, and status of said HVAC system. One or more processors receives measurements of outside temperatures from at least one source other than said HVAC system and compares said temperature measurements from said first location with expected temperature measurements. The expected temperature measurements are based at least in part upon past temperature measurements.

The invention comprises a system for calculating a value for the effective thermal mass of a building. The climate control system obtains temperature measurements from at least a first location conditioned by the climate system. One or more processors receive measurements of outside temperatures from at least one source other than the control system and compare the temperature measurements from the first location with expected temperature measurements. The expected temperature measurements are based at least in part upon past temperature measurements obtained by said HVAC control system and said outside temperature measurements. The processors then calculate one or more rates of change in temperature at said first location.

A TFT is manufactured using at least five photomasks in a conventional liquid crystal display device, and therefore the manufacturing cost is high. By performing the formation of the pixel electrode, the source region and the drain region by using three photomasks in three photolithography steps, a liquid crystal display device prepared with a pixel TFT portion, having a reverse stagger type n-channel TFT, and a storage capacitor can be realized.

A stent graft is disclosed having a tubular graft formed from flexible filamentary members interwoven with a supporting monofilament defining radial corrugations around the graft. The ends of the graft are tapered from a smaller to a larger diameter and have stents attached thereto for engagement with a vascular vessel. The stents are attached to the graft by passing through two rows of slots cut in the graft and arranged in spaced relation to one another. The slots are positioned on a reverse fold of the graft to capture the stent. The stent graft may be modular and have limbs insertable into a base module. The base module has a main central space in communication with branch central spaces defined by a line of attachment between the branch central spaces. The terminus of the line of attachment forms a shoulder for retaining the limbs.

Production of clinical grade gene therapy vectors for human trials remains a major hurdle in advancing cures for a number of otherwise incurable diseases. Disclosed herein are systems based on a stably trans formed insect cell lines harboring helper genes required for vector production. Specifically exemplified are system embodiments that take advantage of DNA regulatory elements from two unrelated viruses—AcMNPV and AA V2. System embodiments utilize rep and/or cap genes either stably transfected in cell lines or which are introduced into cells as an expression cassette in a vector. Rep and cap genes that are designed to remain silent until the cell is infected with a viral vector. Infection with viral initiates rescue/amplification of integrated AAV helper genes resulting in dramatic induction of the expression and assembly of rAAV. The arrangement of this specific embodiment provides high levels of Rep and Cap proteins in every cell thus improving rAAV yields by 10-fold. The described vectors are modular in design and may be utilized for the production of other multiprotein complexes.

A flat display unit has a chassis combining a display panel and circuit boards for driving the display panel into a unit in which the display panel and the circuit boards are mounted on respective opposite surfaces of the chassis. The chassis is provided with a bank (i.e., sidewall) extending about the periphery of opposite main surfaces of the chassis including at least the surface on which the display panel is mounted, perpendicularly to that surface and surrounding the periphery of the display panel 3, and hence protecting the display panel without requiring a protector, as is conventionally used during the processes of assembling, testing and transporting thereof. The chassis is also provided with through-holes and optionally with a cut-out, which are formed in the periphery of the chassis, for facilitating interconnections between the display panel and the circuit boards by flexible cables which pass therethrough.

The present invention discloses a novel electrode-catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell prepared by introducing a carbon precursor into pores of a wormhole-like molecular sieve template, carbonizing the carbon precursor, removing the molecular sieve template to obtain a wormhole-like mesoporous carbon having a high specific surface of 800-1000 m²/g and a pore size of 4-5 nm, and depositing catalyst metal such as Pt—Ru on the mesoporous carbon.

The invention provides an electrooptical apparatus, such as a liquid crystal apparatus, including a built-in-peripheral circuit in which the resistance of input/output wirings in the peripheral circuit is reduced by effectively using thin films forming pixels, thereby making it possible to display a high-quality image. The liquid crystal apparatus includes a liquid crystal layer disposed between a pair of substrates and pixel electrodes formed in a matrix fashion on a TFT array substrate. A light blocking film made of refractory metal is provided under TFTs of respective pixels, scanning lines, and capacitance lines. There are also provided peripheral wirings, such as image signal lines including second wiring made of the same metal film as that of the data lines and also including first wiring whose layers are conductive film as that of the light blocking film and the same polysilicon film as that of the scanning lines, respectively.

Field programmable circuits and redundant logic are added to the substrate of a hybrid circuit with functionality to bypass and/or repair unusable dies in order to enhance yield and lower costs of manufacture. In a preferred embodiment, a collar of programmable logic is inserted between the functional component on the hybrid die and its I/O terminals. The programmable logic collar can be programmed after hybrid assembly and test in order to correct assembly errors or die failures through one or more of the following actions: switch between redundant functional units and I/Os on the hybrid die; switch between redundant IC dies on the substrate, invert signal polarity; correct crosstalk errors; perform test and fault isolation.

The present invention provides methods of processing a biomass, e.g., for producing lipid and non-lipid materials, by inducing autolysis of a biomass. The biomass may be generated using any species of microorganism and any available biodegradable substrate, including waste materials. The lipid and non-lipid materials are present in two separate layers of the autolysate, and they can be used to generate valuable products such as biofuels and nutritional supplements. The present invention further provides a processing apparatus useful for practicing the methods of the present invention.

The aim of the invention is to optimize cooling of a rotor using simple means. A rotor is provided, comprising rotor pressure rings (1) such that at least one of the two rotor pressure rings (1) is configured in order to enable targeted guiding of the coolant through the axial bores (3, 3′) in the rotor. In a special embodiment, the rotor pressure ring (1) can be formed in such a manner that it produces, in several bores (3′) in the rotor sheet stack (8), a flow of coolant in a first direction and in other bores (3), a flow of coolant in the other direction. An even, opposite flow cooling can be exclusively obtained by the contour of the rotor pressure ring (1).

The purpose of the invention is to provide an Internet commerce system and a method, where a personal information such as a settlement ned not be provided to the seller, where the money is settled to the shopping mall after the delivery is confirmed, thereby protecting the users, and where denial of the purchase of the user cannot happen, thereby protecting the seller. In order to accomplish the purpose, the invention provides an Internet commerce system including (1) a user's terminal which can provide shopping information to the user and can perform an on-line purchase and can perform a date communication through the Internet; (2) a shopping mall server formed on the on-line in order to provide various product data and to sell the products; (3) a settlement server formed on the on-line in order to provide a credit information and to perform settlement of the deal between the user and the shopping mall; (4) a service server communicating with the user's terminal, the shopping mall server and the settlement server, receiving the deal approval information and sending it to the user's terminal and the shopping mall server, letting the shopping mall have the settlement money when receiving a deal ending signal from the terminal. This system is buyer's initiated settlement system and can enhance safety of the deal.

An optical fiber cutting device including: a rotatable blade including positioning holes; a first fastening member that is engageable with said positioning holes; and a second fastening member that is engageable with said positioning holes. When said first fastening member is engaged with a first one of said positioning holes, said second fastening member is not engaged with any of said positioning holes. Thus, the blade is fixed in a non-rotating state after being rotated by a predetermined angle.

The present invention provides a radio frequency switch and a radio frequency module having excellent distortion characteristics without causing a further insertion loss and a greater chip size. The radio frequency switch includes: input-output terminals which are for inputting and outputting a radio frequency signal; a basic switching unit provided between two of the input-output terminals; and a control terminal which receives a control voltage for controlling conduction and interruption of the basic switching unit. The basic switching unit includes field effect transistors (FETs) connected in multiple stages, each of the FETs being a meandered FET having a meandered gate electrode, and among the FETs, one of the FETs has a finger length shorter than finger lengths of rest of the FETs, the one of the FETs electrically located closest to one of the input-output terminals.

The present invention provides soluble CTLA4 mutant molecules which bind with greater avidity to the CD80 and/or CD86 antigen than wild type CTLA4 or non-mutated CTLA4Ig. The soluble CTLA4 molecules have a first amino acid sequence comprising the extracellular domain of CTLA4, where certain amino acid residues within the S25-R33 region and M97-G107 region are mutated. The mutant molecules of the invention may also include a second amino acid sequence which increases the solubility of the mutant molecule.

The present invention relates to a process for producing an activated perovskite-based washcoat formulation suitable for reduction of carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, and nitrogen oxides emissions from an exhaust gas stream. The process includes the steps of high energy ball milling a fully synthesized perovskite structure to provide an activated nanocrystalline perovskite powder of a given surface area; mixing the activated nanocrystalline perovskite powder with dispersing media and grinding the mixture; removing partially or totally the dispersing media to obtain an activated perovskite-based catalyst washcoat formulation wherein the activated perovskite in the formulation has a specific surface area greater than that of the activated nanocrystalline perovskite powder. The process may further include a step of applying the formulation on a substrate to obtain a catalytic converter. The invention also relates to the activated nanocrystalline perovskite, the activated perovskite-based catalyst washcoat formulation, and the catalytic converter obtained thereby.