565results about How to "High production cost" patented technology

The invention comprises systems and methods for evaluating changes in the operational efficiency of an HVAC system over time. The climate control system obtains temperature measurements from at least a first location conditioned by the climate system, and status of said HVAC system. One or more processors receives measurements of outside temperatures from at least one source other than said HVAC system and compares said temperature measurements from said first location with expected temperature measurements. The expected temperature measurements are based at least in part upon past temperature measurements.

The invention comprises systems and methods for evaluating changes in the operational efficiency of an HVAC system over time. The climate control system obtains temperature measurements from at least a first location conditioned by the climate system, and status of said HVAC system. One or more processors receives measurements of outside temperatures from at least one source other than said HVAC system and compares said temperature measurements from said first location with expected temperature measurements. The expected temperature measurements are based at least in part upon past temperature measurements.

The invention comprises a system for calculating a value for the effective thermal mass of a building. The climate control system obtains temperature measurements from at least a first location conditioned by the climate system. One or more processors receive measurements of outside temperatures from at least one source other than the control system and compare the temperature measurements from the first location with expected temperature measurements. The expected temperature measurements are based at least in part upon past temperature measurements obtained by said HVAC control system and said outside temperature measurements. The processors then calculate one or more rates of change in temperature at said first location.

A TFT is manufactured using at least five photomasks in a conventional liquid crystal display device, and therefore the manufacturing cost is high. By performing the formation of the pixel electrode, the source region and the drain region by using three photomasks in three photolithography steps, a liquid crystal display device prepared with a pixel TFT portion, having a reverse stagger type n-channel TFT, and a storage capacitor can be realized.

A stent graft is disclosed having a tubular graft formed from flexible filamentary members interwoven with a supporting monofilament defining radial corrugations around the graft. The ends of the graft are tapered from a smaller to a larger diameter and have stents attached thereto for engagement with a vascular vessel. The stents are attached to the graft by passing through two rows of slots cut in the graft and arranged in spaced relation to one another. The slots are positioned on a reverse fold of the graft to capture the stent. The stent graft may be modular and have limbs insertable into a base module. The base module has a main central space in communication with branch central spaces defined by a line of attachment between the branch central spaces. The terminus of the line of attachment forms a shoulder for retaining the limbs.

Production of clinical grade gene therapy vectors for human trials remains a major hurdle in advancing cures for a number of otherwise incurable diseases. Disclosed herein are systems based on a stably trans formed insect cell lines harboring helper genes required for vector production. Specifically exemplified are system embodiments that take advantage of DNA regulatory elements from two unrelated viruses—AcMNPV and AA V2. System embodiments utilize rep and / or cap genes either stably transfected in cell lines or which are introduced into cells as an expression cassette in a vector. Rep and cap genes that are designed to remain silent until the cell is infected with a viral vector. Infection with viral initiates rescue / amplification of integrated AAV helper genes resulting in dramatic induction of the expression and assembly of rAAV. The arrangement of this specific embodiment provides high levels of Rep and Cap proteins in every cell thus improving rAAV yields by 10-fold. The described vectors are modular in design and may be utilized for the production of other multiprotein complexes.

A flat display unit has a chassis combining a display panel and circuit boards for driving the display panel into a unit in which the display panel and the circuit boards are mounted on respective opposite surfaces of the chassis. The chassis is provided with a bank (i.e., sidewall) extending about the periphery of opposite main surfaces of the chassis including at least the surface on which the display panel is mounted, perpendicularly to that surface and surrounding the periphery of the display panel 3, and hence protecting the display panel without requiring a protector, as is conventionally used during the processes of assembling, testing and transporting thereof. The chassis is also provided with through-holes and optionally with a cut-out, which are formed in the periphery of the chassis, for facilitating interconnections between the display panel and the circuit boards by flexible cables which pass therethrough.

The present invention discloses a novel electrode-catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell prepared by introducing a carbon precursor into pores of a wormhole-like molecular sieve template, carbonizing the carbon precursor, removing the molecular sieve template to obtain a wormhole-like mesoporous carbon having a high specific surface of 800-1000 m2 / g and a pore size of 4-5 nm, and depositing catalyst metal such as Pt—Ru on the mesoporous carbon.

The invention provides an electrooptical apparatus, such as a liquid crystal apparatus, including a built-in-peripheral circuit in which the resistance of input / output wirings in the peripheral circuit is reduced by effectively using thin films forming pixels, thereby making it possible to display a high-quality image. The liquid crystal apparatus includes a liquid crystal layer disposed between a pair of substrates and pixel electrodes formed in a matrix fashion on a TFT array substrate. A light blocking film made of refractory metal is provided under TFTs of respective pixels, scanning lines, and capacitance lines. There are also provided peripheral wirings, such as image signal lines including second wiring made of the same metal film as that of the data lines and also including first wiring whose layers are conductive film as that of the light blocking film and the same polysilicon film as that of the scanning lines, respectively.

A MOS or CMOS based photoconductor on active pixel image sensor. Thin layers of semi-conductor material, doped to PIN or NIP photoconducting layers, located above MOS and / or CMOS pixel circuits produce an array of layered photodiodes. Positive and negative charges produced in the layered photodiodes are collected and stored as electrical charges in the MOS and / or CMOS pixel circuits. The present invention also provides additional MOS or CMOS circuits for reading out the charges and for converting the charges into images. With the layered photodiode of each pixel fabricated as continuous layers of charge generating material on top of the MOS and / or CMOS pixel circuits, extremely small pixels are possible with almost 100 percent packing factors. MOS and CMOS fabrication techniques permit sensor fabrication at very low costs. In preferred embodiments all of the sensor circuits are incorporated on or in a single crystalline substrate along with the sensor pixel circuits. Techniques are disclosed for tailoring the spectral response of the sensor for particular applications.

A multimode key system provides a multiple of keys for multimode control, wherein only desired function keys are shown on the control panel at a time, and whereby the operation thereof can be much simplified. The key system can be a touch panel or a pressure sensing panel, which characterized in a shifting unit integrated with an outer shell. The shifting unit can shift the a printed keyboard or a keyboard display grid board, so that the windows on the grid board display a set of corresponding keys on the printed keyboard, and thereby a user can see and touch the keys to operate a corresponding appliance or an industrial device.

An electro-optical device typified by an active matrix type liquid crystal display device, is manufactured by cutting a rubbing process, and in addition, a reduction in the manufacturing cost and an improvement in the yield are realized by reducing the number of process steps to manufacture a TFT.By forming a pixel TFT portion having a reverse stagger type n-channel TFT, and a storage capacitor, by performing three photolithography steps using three photomasks, and in addition, by having a uniform cell gap by forming wall-like spacers by performing one photolithography step, without performing a rubbing process, a multi-domain perpendicular orientation type liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle display, and in which a switching direction of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled, can be realized.

A conductive Sheet, a method for using conductive sheet, and a capacitive touch panel are provided. A first conductive sheet contains two or more conductive first large lattices and a first connection for electrically connecting the adjacent first large lattices on a first transparent substrate. The first large lattices each contain a combination of two or more small lattices, the first connection contains one or more medium lattices (a first medium lattice to a fourth medium lattice), and the pitch of the medium lattices is n times larger than that of the small lattices (in which n is a real number larger than 1).

Field programmable circuits and redundant logic are added to the substrate of a hybrid circuit with functionality to bypass and / or repair unusable dies in order to enhance yield and lower costs of manufacture. In a preferred embodiment, a collar of programmable logic is inserted between the functional component on the hybrid die and its I / O terminals. The programmable logic collar can be programmed after hybrid assembly and test in order to correct assembly errors or die failures through one or more of the following actions: switch between redundant functional units and I / Os on the hybrid die; switch between redundant IC dies on the substrate, invert signal polarity; correct crosstalk errors; perform test and fault isolation.

The present invention provides methods of processing a biomass, e.g., for producing lipid and non-lipid materials, by inducing autolysis of a biomass. The biomass may be generated using any species of microorganism and any available biodegradable substrate, including waste materials. The lipid and non-lipid materials are present in two separate layers of the autolysate, and they can be used to generate valuable products such as biofuels and nutritional supplements. The present invention further provides a processing apparatus useful for practicing the methods of the present invention.

A light control device for a light source unit having a specific spatial intensity and / or spectral distribution is provided herein. The light control device is positioned on the path of the light from the light source unit and contains at least one of three light control functions, namely the diffusion, collimation, and color mixing, which has a spatial distribution of its processing power corresponding to the spatial intensity and / or spectral distribution of the incident light. The light control device could also directly or interactively combine two or more of the light control functions into a single device. At least one of the combined light control functions of the device has a spatial distribution of its processing power corresponding to the spatial intensity and / or spectral distribution of the incident light to the device.

A dry adhesive and a method of forming a dry adhesive. The method includes forming an opening through an etch layer and to a barrier layer, expanding the opening in the etch layer at the barrier layer, filling the opening with a material, removing the barrier layer from the material in the opening, and removing the etch layer from the material in the opening.

A novel MOS or CMOS based active sensor array for producing electronic images from electron-hole producing light. Each pixel of the array includes a layered photodiode for converting the electron-hole producing light into electrical charges and MOS and / or CMOS pixel circuits located under the layered photodiodes for collecting the charges. The present invention also provides additional MOS or CMOS circuits in and / or on the same crystalline substrate for converting the collected charges into images and manipulating image data. The layered photodiode of each pixel is fabricated as continuous layers of charge generating material on top of the MOS and / or CMOS pixel circuits so that extremely small pixels are possible with almost 100 percent packing factors. In a preferred embodiment the sensor is a 0.3 mega pixel (3.2 mmx2.4 mm, 640x480) array of 5 micron square pixels which is compatible with a lens of {fraction (1 / 4.5 inch optical format. In a preferred embodiment the sensor along with focusing optics is incorporated into a cellular phone camera or a camera attachment the cellular phone to permit transmission of visual images along with the voice communication.

The aim of the invention is to optimize cooling of a rotor using simple means. A rotor is provided, comprising rotor pressure rings (1) such that at least one of the two rotor pressure rings (1) is configured in order to enable targeted guiding of the coolant through the axial bores (3, 3′) in the rotor. In a special embodiment, the rotor pressure ring (1) can be formed in such a manner that it produces, in several bores (3′) in the rotor sheet stack (8), a flow of coolant in a first direction and in other bores (3), a flow of coolant in the other direction. An even, opposite flow cooling can be exclusively obtained by the contour of the rotor pressure ring (1).

The invention aims to provide a woven / knitted fabric containing a conductive fiber preferably usable especially for a diagram for a speaker, and a diaphragm for a speaker and a speaker using the woven / knitted fabric. A woven / knitted fabric comprising a conductive fiber and a non-conductive fiber, wherein the woven / knitted fabric has a woven structure or a knitted structure of said non-conductive fiber and a continuous wiring forming a coil of the conductive fiber.

A heat exchanger comprising a heat exchange core (1) including a plurality of tubes (2) flowing a medium for heat exchange and a pair of tanks (4) to which ends of said tubes are connected, each tube formed by shaping a plate member (200) not clad with a row laminated brazing material and having a sacrifice layer (210) on an outer surface thereof and a plurality of recessed portions (203) formed on an outer surface of said sacrifice layer and filled with a brazing material (R).

A method and apparatus for agricultural product production with heat and moisture control with optional heat and moisture recovery. Some embodiments transfer heat and moisture from a warm, moist exhaust air stream to incoming agricultural material, steam condition the material, pelletize the material into warm pellets, cool the warm pellets with make-up air to produce the warm, moist exhaust air used to transfer heat to the incoming material and to produce cooled pellets, wherein the cooled pellets are at a temperature lower than the warm moist air. In some embodiments, the system includes counter-flow devices to transfer heat and moisture. In some embodiments, a controller is used to adjust system devices and overall system flow. In some embodiments a water sprayer, to moisten agricultural product when the product is over dry, and an air flow controller, to slow air flow through the pellet dryer / cooler when ambient temperatures are dryer / cooler, are provided.

The purpose of the invention is to provide an Internet commerce system and a method, where a personal information such as a settlement ned not be provided to the seller, where the money is settled to the shopping mall after the delivery is confirmed, thereby protecting the users, and where denial of the purchase of the user cannot happen, thereby protecting the seller. In order to accomplish the purpose, the invention provides an Internet commerce system including (1) a user's terminal which can provide shopping information to the user and can perform an on-line purchase and can perform a date communication through the Internet; (2) a shopping mall server formed on the on-line in order to provide various product data and to sell the products; (3) a settlement server formed on the on-line in order to provide a credit information and to perform settlement of the deal between the user and the shopping mall; (4) a service server communicating with the user's terminal, the shopping mall server and the settlement server, receiving the deal approval information and sending it to the user's terminal and the shopping mall server, letting the shopping mall have the settlement money when receiving a deal ending signal from the terminal. This system is buyer's initiated settlement system and can enhance safety of the deal.

An optical fiber cutting device including: a rotatable blade including positioning holes; a first fastening member that is engageable with said positioning holes; and a second fastening member that is engageable with said positioning holes. When said first fastening member is engaged with a first one of said positioning holes, said second fastening member is not engaged with any of said positioning holes. Thus, the blade is fixed in a non-rotating state after being rotated by a predetermined angle.

The present invention provides a radio frequency switch and a radio frequency module having excellent distortion characteristics without causing a further insertion loss and a greater chip size. The radio frequency switch includes: input-output terminals which are for inputting and outputting a radio frequency signal; a basic switching unit provided between two of the input-output terminals; and a control terminal which receives a control voltage for controlling conduction and interruption of the basic switching unit. The basic switching unit includes field effect transistors (FETs) connected in multiple stages, each of the FETs being a meandered FET having a meandered gate electrode, and among the FETs, one of the FETs has a finger length shorter than finger lengths of rest of the FETs, the one of the FETs electrically located closest to one of the input-output terminals.

Described is a catalytic process for converting biomass to furan derivatives (e.g., furfural, furfuryl alcohol, etc.) using a biphasic reactor containing a reactive aqueous phase and an organic extracting phase containing an alkylphenol. The process provides a cost-effective route for producing furfural, furfuryl alcohol, levulinic acid hydroxymethylfurfural, γ-valerolactone, and the like. The products formed are useful as value-added intermediates to produce polymers, as precursors to diesel fuel, and as fuel additives.

The present invention provides soluble CTLA4 mutant molecules which bind with greater avidity to the CD80 and / or CD86 antigen than wild type CTLA4 or non-mutated CTLA4Ig. The soluble CTLA4 molecules have a first amino acid sequence comprising the extracellular domain of CTLA4, where certain amino acid residues within the S25-R33 region and M97-G107 region are mutated. The mutant molecules of the invention may also include a second amino acid sequence which increases the solubility of the mutant molecule.

Production of clinical grade gene therapy vectors for human trials remains a major hurdle in advancing cures for a number of otherwise incurable diseases. Disclosed herein are systems based on a stably trans formed insect cell lines harboring helper genes required for vector production. Specifically exemplified are system embodiments that take advantage of DNA regulatory elements from two unrelated viruses—AcMNPV and AA V2. System embodiments utilize rep and / or cap genes either stably transfected in cell lines or which are introduced into cells as an expression cassette in a vector. Rep and cap genes that are designed to remain silent until the cell is infected with a viral vector. Infection with viral initiates rescue / amplification of integrated AAV helper genes resulting in dramatic induction of the expression and assembly of rAAV. The arrangement of this specific embodiment provides high levels of Rep and Cap proteins in every cell thus improving rAAV yields by 10-fold. The described vectors are modular in design and may be utilized for the production of other multiprotein complexes.