The invention discloses a precast concrete column and steel beam connecting joint with inner partition plates. The joint comprises a steel-encased sleeve fixed in a joint area, the steel-encased sleeve is fixed at the position, corresponding to the joint area, of a precast concrete column, the upper inner partition plate and the lower inner partition plate are arranged in the steel-encased sleeve,the upper inner partition plate and the lower inner partition plate are welded to the inner side of the steel-encased sleeve plate at the positions, corresponding to the joint area, of the top and the bottom of a steel beam, the upper inner partition plate and the lower inner partition plate each are provided with a longitudinal bar penetrating structure and a concrete pouring hole, the steel-encased sleeve and a reinforcement cage of the precast concrete column are pre-buried in a concrete solid of the precast concrete column, the part, corresponding to the steel-encased sleeve, of the reinforcement cage of the precast concrete column is composed of longitudinal bars, the outer side face of the steel-encased sleeve is flush with the outer side face of the column, and a steel corbel connected with the steel beam is welded to the outer side face, corresponding to the steel beam, of the steel-encased sleeve. The precast concrete column and steel beam connecting joint is simple in structure and convenient to assemble, has good mechanical properties, is safe and reliable, and has good integrality.