The invention relates to a large-span variable-cross-section steel box girder incremental launching construction method which is applied to large-span variable-cross-section bridge construction. A supporting support, a pushing support and an assembling support are arranged, the variable-cross-section steel box girder is sequentially arranged on the pushing support and / or the assembling support on the two banks of the water channel after being manufactured, assembling is conducted, the relative position of the steel box girder and the pushing support is adjusted, and pushing is conducted towards the center of the water channel; and after the steel box girder reaches the preset position, posture adjustment, anchoring, closure and welding are conducted, the steel box girder falls on the supporting bracket, and construction is completed. The advantages of high tensile strength, high elastic modulus, high material utilization efficiency, good bearing capacity and no redundant components of the steel box girder are fully utilized, the dead weight is small, and the manufacturing cost is low; the bridge body meets the large-span variable cross-section design requirement and meets the design standard, the structural reliability is high, and water channel navigation is not affected in the construction process; the construction cost is low, the safety coefficient is high, the erection efficiency is high and the construction period is short; the purpose of increasing the height of the bridge arch is achieved, and more complex and changeable navigation requirements are met.