The invention relates to a device and a method for comprehensively controlling and protecting a pump set of a diesel engine, which are applied to the comprehensive control and protection of the pump set of the emergency / fire-fighting diesel engine. The device comprises a core operation unit, a signal output unit, a signal input and processing unit and a communication protocol conversion unit; a first single chip machine is connected with the diesel engine, a host computer and an LCD screen; and the first singlechip is also connected with a second singlechip. The method orderly comprises the following steps of self-test, start, process control of the operation of the machine set, state check in the operation of the machine set, control of shutdown of the machine set and completion. The control system has the advantages of high accuracy, strong emergency treatment capability for timely alarm control, low cost, high cost-performance ratio, small volume, simple structure, convenient use and high degree of automation; and the control and protection method can timely and accurately judge various faults occurring during the operation of the machine set and alarm, and make the automatic and accurate control, and the control program is reasonable, simple and reliable.