The invention relates to a sliding isolation device with a high-ductility concrete composite masonry structure, and a construction method thereof, for solving the problems of low integrality and low seismic capacity of a house with the existing masonry structure. The sliding isolation structure is composed of a masonry wall, double geosphere beams, vertical reinforcements, transverse reinforcements, a through-wall opposite-pull reinforcement, a surface layer and an isolation layer. During construction, the lower geosphere beam is poured at first, then a felt and graphene are placed as the isolation layer, then the upper geosphere beam is poured, then a wall body is built, and finally high-ductility concrete is pressed-applied onto the surface of the wall body. According to the sliding isolation device disclosed by the invention, the thought of sliding isolation is adopted for the reinforcement mesh and high-ductility concrete composite masonry structure, and wrapping is formed for thewall body by virtue of a reinforcement mesh and high-ductility concrete with high strength and toughness, so that the integrality of the house is improved; the house slides as a whole due to the sliding failure of the isolation layer under horizontal earthquake action, so that the upward transfer of an earthquake force is prevented; and meanwhile, the masonry house is higher in integrality and durability, simple to construct and low in construction cost.