The invention discloses a high-precision biopsy puncture device for the nephrology department and a use method of the high-precision biopsy puncture device, and belongs to the field of kidney puncture. According to the high-precision biopsy puncture device for the nephrology department, through the arrangement of a multi-point volume shrinkage ring, before kidney puncture is carried out, under the suction effect, the part, needing to be punctured, of a patient is in close contact with the multi-point volume shrinkage ring, and when a puncture position is stressed by a puncture needle, the multi-point shrinkage ring can remarkably intercept deformation fluctuation caused by skin stress at the puncture position, the skin deformation range is narrowed, offset caused by skin elasticity during puncture of the puncture needle is reduced, accuracy during kidney puncture is remarkably improved, and the success rate of kidney puncture is increased. Meanwhile, in cooperation with the effects of the inner extending ribbons and the puncture assisting stabbing rods, the inner extending ribbons are punctured when gradually getting close to the outer extending stabbing rods, the disinfection antibacterial liquid in the inner extending ribbons overflows to the skin of the punctured position, bacterium breeding caused by sweat generated when the position makes contact with the multi-point shrinkage ring is effectively avoided, then the punctured wound is effectively protected against infection, and potential safety hazards are reduced.