The invention relates to the field of test systems, and aims to provide a multifunctional component gas fatigue test system. The multifunctional component gas fatigue test system includes a supercharging device, a recovery tank, a gas cylinder, a refrigeration heating machine, a high-low temperature environment box, an anti-explosion fan, a gas leakage detector, a vacuum pump, stop valves and a control system, and can perform a gas tightness test, a fatigue test and the like on a test component. The multifunctional component gas fatigue test system provided by the invention realizes a function of a gas cycle fatigue test of a component, and can perform a pressure maintaining test and fatigue test and the like; realizes reutilization of tail gas, thereby reducing test cost; realizes testing of a large pressure range, thereby satisfying requirements of different component test pressure; realizes isolation of a heat exchange medium and test gas, thereby guaranteeing safety of a device and personnel, and improves heat exchange efficiency through the environment box and the anti-explosion fan; and realizes testing functions of various components, thereby increasing the range of application of the test device.