The invention discloses a method for efficiently separating and recovering tungsten from alkaline leaching tungsten slag. The method comprises the following steps that after the alkaline leaching tungsten slag, mixed salt and a combustion-supporting medium are uniformly mixed, the mixture is roasted and smelted in a muffle furnace, a roasted material obtained by roasting and smelting is subjectedto crushing, dry grinding, screening and then water leaching, and sodium tungstate in the roasted material is separated and enriched in a water phase so as to be recovered. According to the method, ananhydrous sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate mixed salt system is adopted, a weak oxidation environment is provided in a roasting process, oxidation and recovery of low-valent tungsten are facilitated, the process route of tungsten recovery is shortened, and the productivity is improved; meanwhile, the combustion-supporting medium is added into the materials, the heat conduction performance of amaterial layer is effectively improved, the phenomenon of uneven heating of different parts of the material layer is reduced, and the tungsten recovery rate is improved; and the tungstate in the roasted material is enriched by adopting a water leaching method, the leaching rate is high, the leaching cost is low, environmental pollution is small, and the leaching slag can be subjected to subsequent separation and recovery according to the content of valuable elements such as cobalt and nickel.