70results about How to "Single material" patented technology

The invention discloses a construction method of a flat plate-vibrocompacted large-porosity pervious concrete pavement, relates to the technical field of building construction. The construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing construction, designing a mixture ratio, stirring, transporting, paving and forming, vibrocompacting, curing, cutting joints, curing and maintaining. The construction method is reasonable, convenient to operate and good in effect.

The invention discloses a single-mode single-polarization hollow negative curvature optical fiber. The invention discloses a hollow negative curvature optical fiber, which belongs to the technical field of hollow negative curvature optical fibers and comprises an outer cladding, four cladding tubes, a fiber core area, nesting tubes and a fiber core, wherein the four cladding tubes are uniformly arranged around the circle center of the outer cladding and cling to the inside of the outer cladding; the nesting tubes are respectively arranged in the cladding tubes and uniformly arranged around thecircle center of the outer cladding; the outer diameters of the four cladding tubes are equal, the wall thicknesses of the two cladding tubes in the Y direction are the same, the wall thicknesses ofthe two cladding tubes in the X direction are the same, the wall thickness of the cladding tubes in the Y direction is larger than that of the cladding tubes in the X direction, and the gaps between the adjacent cladding tubes in the circumferential direction are equal; the nesting tubes are tightly attached to the interiors of the cladding tubes and correspond to the position where the outer cladding is tightly attached to the cladding tubes; and the core area and other internal spaces are filled with air. At the working wavelength, the single-mode characteristic is good, the material is purequartz, the structure is simple, the effective mode field area is large, and the manufacturing efficiency is high.

The invention discloses an environment-friendly vapor phase rust-proof film which is formed by carrying out mixing, coextrusion and blow molding on 85-95% of matrix plastic and 15-5% of additive by weight. The additive comprises the following components by weight percent: 70-85% of vapor phase inhibitor, 2-5% of dispersed lubricant and 10-28% of carrier plastic. The vapor phase inhibitor is formed by combining sodium benzoate, tungstate and morpholine unit-containing diamine type, and the weight ratio of sodium benzoate to tungstate to diamine type containing morpholine unit is (1-3):(1-2.5):(1-3). The environment-friendly vapor phase rust-proof film has the characteristics of high strength, stable sealing performance, good rust-proof performance and single material, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly. Each component has synergistic effect, and inherent physical and chemical rust-proof performances of each component can be fully exerted.

The invention relates to environment-friendly high-resilience flame-retardant composite shell fabric, and belongs to the technical field of flame-retardant functional composite shell fabric. The environment-friendly high-resilience flame-retardant composite shell fabric disclosed by the invention is consists of a flame-retardant shell fabric layer, a flame-retardant intermediate layer and a bottomcloth layer; the flame-retardant intermediate layer is prepared from one selected from loose needle-punched cotton and compact non-glue cotton, wherein the loose needle-punched cotton is prepared bymixing one or more selected from flame-retardant polyester-fiber hollow staple fiber, flame-retardant polyester-fiber staple fiber, non-flame-retardant polyester-fiber hollow staple fiber and non-flame-retardant polyester-fiber staple fiber in certain proportion; the compact non-glue cotton is prepared by mixing one or more selected from flame-retardant polyester-fiber hollow staple fiber, flame-retardant polyester-fiber staple fiber, non-flame-retardant polyester-fiber hollow staple fiber and non-flame-retardant polyester-fiber staple fiber with low-melting point polyester staple fiber in certain proportion; and the bottom cloth layer is composed of non-flame-retardant polyester-fiber knitted mesh cloth by performing flame bonding. The environment-friendly high-resilience flame-retardantcomposite shell fabric is simple in production processes, ordinary in materials, low in cost, environmentally friendly, high in resilience, good in flame retardancy and wide in range of usage.

The invention discloses a lens type antenna housing which is a hollow elliptical table and is provided with an outer elliptical surface, an inner spherical surface, a half-crescent-shaped longitudinal section and a wall thickness reduced gradually from bottom to top. One or three protection layers are arranged on the inner surface of the lens type antenna housing. The three protection layers include a first protection layer, a second protection layer and a third protection layer from outside to inside. The first protection layer and the third protection layer are made of low-dielectric constant materials, and the second protection layer is made of high-dielectric constant material. The lens type antenna housing has the characteristics of simple structure, single materials, easiness in processing, and the like, and can be used in an antenna array requiring high directivity and high gain, especially in beam communication or anti-interference systems such as satellite communication, radars and the like in an omnidirectional antenna array.

The invention relates to composites and methods for producing a plastic-steel square timber and a straw foamed plastic square timber. The composite for producing the plastic-steel square timber comprises the components of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), light calcium carbon powder, a PVC stabilizer, a PVC foaming regulator, an AC (azodicarbonamide) foaming agent, a stearic acid, PE (polyethylene) wax, ACR (acrylate), titanium dioxide, calcium stearate and DOP (dioctyl-phthalate). The composite for producing the straw foamed plastic square timber is prepared from straw power in addition to the components of the composite for producing the plastic-steel square timber. The methods for producing the plastic-steel square timber and the straw foamed plastic square timber from the composites comprise the following steps: proportioning materials, blending materials, adding materials, extruding, molding, cooling by water, quickly freezing, dragging and forming. The plastic-steel square timber and the straw foamed plastic square timber can replace the original wooden timber, are made of single materials, are convenient to product and recycle and can be smashed for secondary machining and shaping.

The invention relates to a wood-structure bearing heat preservation wallboard and belongs to the technical field of buildings. The heat preservation wallboard comprises a wood beam, a connector bearing wood column, an internally-arranged bearing wood column, an inner side regenerative board, an outer side regenerative board and a waterproof air-permeable membrane. The assembling efficiency is high and can reach 100%; materials are single and high in standardization and generalization; workability is high, and the automation rate of production of workshop components is high; moulds or casting or curing is not needed, and time, labor and money are saved for processing; machine tool program control operation is adopted in the whole processing process, and the processing precision is high; the wood-structure bearing heat preservation wallboard is light and more orderly in appearance; the assembling speed is high, and the construction period can be shortened by folds; installation operation is obviously simplified, and requirements for workers are low; heat preservation wallboard is good in integrity, definite in force transmission, simple in structure, safe, reliable, capable of saving materials, convenient to construct, high in integration, good in heat preservation effect and durability, high in bearing force and good in economical effect, complex operation in the construction process is avoided, and the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced.

The invention discloses a multifunctional installation hanger for a central air conditioner. The multifunctional installation hanger comprises a hanger clamping wall with an opening and a fastening lock clamped to the opening of the hanger clamping wall. The hanger clamping wall is of a hollow semicircular structure with a certain thickness, the two side faces of the hanger clamping wall are provided with a hanger connector with external threads and a hanger connecting base with internal threads respectively, and a line clamp is arranged on the hanger connecting base. The hanger clamping wall with the opening in the upper end and the fastening lock clamped to the hanger clamping wall are arranged, so that the hanger does not need to be fixed with a small screw when the hanger is connected, the hanger can be connected more conveniently through the fastening lock, cost is saved, and time for hanger installation is shortened nearly by half; the hanger connector with the threads and the hanger connecting base with the threads are arranged on the hanger clamping wall, so the adjustment difference of the hanger can be freely adjusted through the threads, the gradient difference of a condensate water pipeline is adjusted more flexibly and precisely in a thread mode, the central air conditioner can be installed more precisely, quickly and conveniently, and an ugly binding belt with pollution is omitted from the hanger.

The invention discloses a mounting structure for a light, which is used for mounting the light on a fixture. The mounting structure comprises a first connecting part and a second connecting part formed by bending and extending the first connecting part, wherein the first connecting part is provided with a hook for hooking the light, and the second connecting part is provided with a mounting hole or mounting groove directly connected with the fixture; and the mounting structure is also provided with a hooking hole connected with the fixture. The mounting structure provided by the invention is suitable for various mounting modes such as the suspended ceiling mode, the ceiling mounting mode and the embedded mode, and has simple structure and low cost.

The invention relates to a tea tray and a table. The technical scheme in the invention is as follows: the tea tray comprises a panel, more than one decorating plate, a water sealing plate, more than one water inlet and a drainage pipe, wherein a water storage cavity is formed in the panel; the decorating plate is embedded into the upper surface of the panel; the water sealing plate is positioned below the water storage cavity and used for sealing the bottom of the water storage cavity; the water inlet is communicated with the panel and the water storage cavity; and one end of the drainage pipe is communicated with the water storage cavity. The table comprises a panel, more than one decorative cylinder and a base plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; a water storage cavity is formed in the panel, a water sealing plate for sealing the bottom of the water storage cavity is arranged below the water storage cavity, more than one water inlet is formed between the panel and the water storage cavity, and a drainage pipe of which one end is communicated with the water storage cavity is arranged on the panel; a decorating plate is embedded into the upper surface of the panel; and the decorative cylinder is detachably connected between the base plate and the panel. The invention has the advantages of convenience in drainage, attractiveness, diverse materials and convenience in disassembly, assembly and transportation.

The invention provides a pump head and a container using the pump head. The invention provides the pump head which comprises a piston and a liquid suction channel and further comprises an axial movement combination, an outflow channel, a sealing component and a support. The axial movement combination comprises a buffer liquid part assembly and a closed end assembly; the buffer liquid part assembly is connected with the closed end assembly, and an opening is formed after connection; the buffer liquid part assembly and the closed end assembly are located on the two sides of the opening; an internal space of the buffer liquid part assembly is a liquid storage space, and the liquid storage space is communicated with the opening; and one end of the liquid storage space is closed by the piston, and the other end is closed by the closed end assembly. The container is simple in structure, firm and durable, smaller in pressure drop, better in sealing performance, larger in single-time taking-out amount, capable of quantitatively taking out contained objects, preventing oxidation and pollution of the contained objects, and reducing environmental pollution, and is suitable for containing daily necessities, food and medicine.

The invention relates to an anti-mildew treatment construction method for underground space latex paint engineering, and the method comprises the following steps of: step 1, basic layer bottom sealing and screeding; step 2, local repairing and treatment of a cement mortar screeding layer; step 3, bottom sealing by tea oil; step 4, starching of neat cement mortar; step 5, shining of a neat cement mortar layer topping; step 6, curing of neat cement mortar; and step 7, latex paint coating. The anti-mildew treatment construction method for underground space latex paint engineering provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that the material is simple, the operability is strong, the economic benefit is obvious, the technical processes are simplified, the effect is remarkable, the problem besetting constructors for a long time that latex paint is easy to mildew is thoroughly solved, and the method can be widely used in wall top surface latex paint coating engineering of reinforced concrete structure bodies or plaster basic layers which are easy to mildew in the underground spaces, such as underground garages, basements, underground passages, underground stair wells and the like of public buildings and dwelling engineering.

The invention provides a pump head and a container using the same. The pump head comprises a piston, a liquid suction channel, an axial moving assembly, a sealing component, an outflow channel and a support, wherein the axial moving assembly comprises a liquid temporary storage part, an open part and a closed end; the internal spaces of the liquid temporary storage part and the open part form a liquid storage space; one end of the liquid storage space is closed by a piston, and the other end of the liquid storage space is closed by the closed end; the open part is provided with openings; according to the sequence from near to far away from the piston, the outlet of the liquid suction channel and the inlet of the outflow channel are sequentially distributed in the side edge of the opening stroke and can be communicated with the openings; the sealing component seals a gap at a joint formed when each opening is communicated with the outlet of the liquid suction channel or the inlet of the outflow channel; and the movement distance of each opening at the moment when the opening is communicated with the outlet of the liquid suction channel and the inlet of the outflow channel respectively is the maximum distance of axial movement combined with reciprocating axial movement. The container is simple in structure and better in sealing performance; the one-time taking-out amount is larger; the container is suitable for containing articles of daily use, foods and medicines.

The invention discloses a wear-resistant seamless steel pipe. The wear-resistant seamless steel pipe is manufactured from the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.10-0.40% of C, 0.15-0.40% of Si, 0.50-1.50% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 1.00% of S, less than or equal to 1.50% of Cr, 0.015-0.050% of Al, 0.005-0.050% of Ti, 0.005-0.050% of Nb, lessthan 0.0050% of B, and the balance Fe and impurity elements. According to the wear-resistant seamless steel pipe, the material is single, the production process and the structure are simple, and themanufactured steel pipe has high wear resistance in the inner wall as well as good plasticity, toughness and weldability in the outer wall.

A medium frequency induction carburizing furnace comprises a carburizing device, a muffle tank, an air current stirring fan, a motor, and a carburizing furnace casing. An insulation layer is arranged on the outside of the muffle tank, and an inductor is arranged on the outside of the insulation layer, wherein the inductor is mounted on the fixed frame and communicates with the power supply by the external copper. A temperature detector head is arranged on the outside of the muffle tank and communicates with the control system by external conducting wire.

The invention relates to multifunctional assembled table and stools with convenience for assembly, attractiveness and compact structure. The multifunctional assembled table and stools comprise a table and a plurality of stools. The multifunctional assembled table and stools are characterized in that: the table comprises two doorframe-shaped supporting legs arranged in parallel at interval and a table panel positioned above the supporting legs, and the table panel passes through cross rods of the supporting legs and is fixed together with a lower fixed board through a detachable unit. The multifunctional assembled table and stools have the advantages that: the table and the stools can be detached into a few parts, so convenience is brought to carrying; and because the upper and lower connecting structure is adopted, the structure is compact.

The invention discloses an environment-friendly vapor phase rust-proof film which is formed by carrying out mixing, coextrusion and blow molding on 85-95% of matrix plastic and 15-5% of additive by weight. The additive comprises the following components by weight percent: 70-85% of vapor phase inhibitor, 2-5% of dispersed lubricant and 10-28% of carrier plastic. The vapor phase inhibitor is formed by combining sodium benzoate, tungstate and morpholine unit-containing diamine type, and the weight ratio of sodium benzoate to tungstate to diamine type containing morpholine unit is (1-3):(1-2.5):(1-3). The environment-friendly vapor phase rust-proof film has the characteristics of high strength, stable sealing performance, good rust-proof performance and single material, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly. Each component has synergistic effect, and inherent physical and chemical rust-proof performances of each component can be fully exerted.

The invention relates to a three-dimensional barcode label and a manufacturing method thereof. The label consists of a unit matrix, which comprises positioning areas, an information coding area, an initial area and an ending area, wherein the positioning areas are positioned on two opposite borders of the unit matrix, and consist of positioning units, and two adjacent positioning units have different heights; the information coding area is positioned in the middle area of the unit matrix, and consists of information storage units composed of columns with different heights; and the other two opposite borders of the unit matrix are respectively the initial area and the ending area. The method for manufacturing the label comprises the following steps of: 1, converting a data character into abinary bit stream; 2, splitting the binary bit stream into a data segment and an error correcting code field; 3, splitting the data segment and the error correcting code field to form a code word stream of a code word; 4, compiling the code word stream into information storage units with different heights; 5, arranging the information into the matrix according to symbol requirement; 6, generatinga three-dimensional barcode file by using a coder; and 7, manufacturing the three-dimensional barcode label by using a three-dimensional barcode printer.

The invention provides an air-conditioner package anti-treading structure and air-conditioner packaging box with the same. The air-conditioner package anti-treading structure comprises an anti-treading plate provided with a plurality of indentations, and the anti-treading plate is bent along the indentations and is fixedly connected end to end to form an accommodation space accommodating an air conditioner. The air-conditioner package anti-treading structure and the air-conditioner packaging box with the same are made of single materials and are simple in packaging procedures, and resultantly packaging efficiency of enterprises can be improved.

The invention relates to a purely folding gift packing box. The purely folding gift packing box consists of a box cover and a box body, wherein the box cover is formed by folding a press-forming single box cover paperboard sheet; the box body is formed by folding a press-forming single box body paperboard sheet; and an auxiliary support frame and a gift storage cavity are arranged in the box body. The box can be formed only by vertically folding the paperboard sheet along line-shaped press marks on the paperboard sheet. The purely folding gift packing box has the characteristics of single material, bonding saving, simple structure, smooth appearance, convenient manufacturing, time saving and the like. The box can be directly manufactured and formed by bending along the line-shaped press marks on the paperboard sheet in site. Conventional packaging can be performed after a gift is placed in the gift storage cavity and is covered by the box cover which is folded instantly in site, so that problems that a gift packing box has a complicated structure and consumes a great number of materials, the manufacturing process is complicated and time consuming, the box must be processed and shaped in advance and requires large-area warehouse configuration, empty boxes are transported by vehicles and are easily damaged, and the like in the prior art are solved, and the purely folding gift packing box has high practicability and wide market application prospect.

The invention discloses application of a rectangular glass container in screening plants adapting to karst landform and a screening method of the plants. The side face of the rectangular glass container for transplanting plant seedlings is wrapped with opaque heat-insulating film, the rectangular glass container is made of transparent organic glass and is in a cuboid shape, and the bottom of the rectangular glass container is provided with water-permeable holes; when the bottom surface is rectangular, the rectangular glass container serves as a shallow basin for transplanting the plants, and when the bottom surface is square, the rectangular glass container serves as a deep basin for transplanting the plants. In the test process, the side faces of the shallow basin and the deep basin are wrapped with opaque heat-insulating film. The device can simultaneously compare and analyze response characteristics of plant root growth to vertical and horizontal space limitations, is suitable for judging plant species suitably growing in karst areas where soil layer distribution is extremely discontinuous and soil thicknesses are different, and provides a technical means for vegetation restoration of a degraded ecosystem of the areas, in particular to the selection of afforestation tree species according to the principle of adaptation to local conditions.

The invention discloses a construction method of a vibrating dense macroporous pervious concrete pavement. The construction method comprises the following construction steps that: S1, construction isprepared, namely materials are prepared, and concrete equipment and a mold frame for pavement laying are constructed; S2, formworks are installed on the construction pavement, the formworks define a long-strip-shaped rectangular shape, meanwhile, stirring is conducted to manufacture concrete, concrete raw materials are poured into the formworks, and the concrete is paved; S3, sandstone spreading is conducted, even spreading is conducted, a vibration motor on the outer side of the formwork is used in cooperation, manual secondary sandstone spreading is conducted, 2 kg / m<2> of sandstone is adopted, and surface finishing and calendaring are conducted through a slurry extracting machine; S4, leveling machining is conducted, and face pressing treatment is conducted; S5, after the strength of the concrete reaches 100%, ground polishing and curing and brightening treatment are conducted; and S6, form removal is conducted, joint cutting machining is conducted, then cleaning and maintenance areconducted, and machining is completed. In the concrete paving process, sand and stone are thrown for the second time and permeate into concrete, gaps are generated, water seepage is facilitated, theconstruction process is simple, the construction speed is high, and the efficiency is high.

The invention discloses a production technology of pattern leather, and belongs to the technical field of leather production. The technology comprises the steps of performing a leather pretreatment process, performing an finishing process and performing a post treatment process, wherein in the step of performing the post treatment process, leather subjected to the finishing process is pasted with a film, then glycol ether (ECS) is sprayed to a film pasted surface of the leather, and finally the pattern leather is obtained by paint coating. The pattern leather produced by the production technology is consistent and uniform in color; various colored leather products can be presented by pasting the films, so that the requirements of a customer are met; in addition, the phenomena of layer falling of the film pasted leather after the paint coating can be reduced greatly only by adopting a glycol ether surface breaking method; the brightness maintaining valid time after paint film forming is long; and a color fresh preservation degree is high.

The invention relates to a recyclable four-side elastic lace fabric with the enhanced 3D effect and a preparation method thereof. The fabric comprises a fabric body; a pattern is woven on the fabric body; the fabric body is woven by three kinds of yarns Y1, Y2 and Y3 in a matched way; the yarns Y1 and Y2 are elastic composite yarns which are made of the same material and do not contain spandex; the yarns Y3 are made of the same material as the yarns Y1 and Y2 and are elastic composite yarns free of spandex, elementary substance elastic yarns free of spandex or non-elastic yarns; the yarns Y1 are woven according to a chain stitch structure; the yarns Y2 are woven according to a weft insertion jacquard weave structure; the yarns Y1 and the yarns Y2 are woven to form a main body structure of the fabric body; and the yarns Y3 are woven according to a variable weft insertion or variable looping structure to form the pattern. The fabric is good in warp and weft elasticity, and the spandex yellowing phenomenon of a traditional elastic fabric is avoided; and the material is single, the recovery is convenient and fast, the recovery efficiency can be greatly improved, and the recovery cost is reduced.

The invention relates to a sound barrier device for noise reduction of transformer fans. The sound barrier device for noise reduction of transformer fans includes an acoustic meta-material barrier (1)and a sound barrier support (2), wherein the acoustic meta-material barrier (1) is fixed by the sound barrier support (2); one surface, facing the transformer fans, of the sound barrier support (2) is equipped with a rectangular through hole; the acoustic meta-material barrier (1) is embedded in the rectangular through hole; the acoustic meta-material barrier (1) is formed through splicing of n acoustic meta-material barrier units in a length direction, and n is a positive integer; each acoustic meta-material barrier unit is a rectangle, and zigzag acoustic waveguides with equal width are arranged in the rectangle, and the acoustic waveguides are fixed through a rectangular base plate; the shape of each acoustic waveguide in the horizontal section is a curve, and the shape is the same oneach horizontal section; the air can be propagated along the acoustic waveguides in the acoustic meta-material barrier units; and the acoustic wave is deflected and reflected many times in the long waveguides to consume most of the sound energy, thus greatly reducing the noise of the transformer fans.

The invention discloses a single-material-made plastic (polymer) optical fiber and its making method, its fiber core region adopts a uniform single-material plastic solid core, its coat is composed of arbitrarily-arranged air holes of different shapes and sized, but it is unallowed that there is any hole-free region in about-30 deg. sector from the fiber core to outside; numerical aperture reaches above 0.25. Its advantages: the material is single, the process is more simple and direct, and it can save a screw machine or a set of coat spreader, eliminates the factors of matching, compatibility and influence between different materials, has more flexibility in selecting and realizing numerical apertures, reduces the cost of production from many aspects and is suitable for continuous and large-scale production.

The invention discloses a quick and high-precision method for manufacturing a layered modular automotive panel die based on a laser combination processing technology. In the method, the quick and high-precision manufacturing for the automotive panel die is realized by mainly using a laser cutting processing technology and secondarily using a laser surface strengthening and cladding technology in combination with a layered modular die structure design method, so a quick and economic technology supporting measure is provided for trial-manufacturing of sample automobiles and panel dies during novel automobile type development. The method comprises the following processes of layering and cutting the die, positioning and connecting a modular combination, strengthening and cladding the laser surface and the like so as to finally form the layered modular automotive panel die on a partial key part; the material is in a functional gradient distribution from outside to inside; and the various structural layers have different mechanical performance and functions, so the whole performance requirement of the die can be guaranteed, the process is simplified and the cost is reduced. By the method, samples can be provided for trial-manufacturing of 200 sample automobiles; at the same time, sufficiently reliable experimentally checked design data can be provided for steel dies for normal production.

The invention relates to a purely folding gift packing box. The purely folding gift packing box consists of a box cover and a box body, wherein the box cover is formed by folding a press-forming single box cover paperboard sheet; the box body is formed by folding a press-forming single box body paperboard sheet; and an auxiliary support frame and a gift storage cavity are arranged in the box body. The box can be formed only by vertically folding the paperboard sheet along line-shaped press marks on the paperboard sheet. The purely folding gift packing box has the characteristics of single material, bonding saving, simple structure, smooth appearance, convenient manufacturing, time saving and the like. The box can be directly manufactured and formed by bending along the line-shaped press marks on the paperboard sheet in site. Conventional packaging can be performed after a gift is placed in the gift storage cavity and is covered by the box cover which is folded instantly in site, so that problems that a gift packing box has a complicated structure and consumes a great number of materials, the manufacturing process is complicated and time consuming, the box must be processed and shaped in advance and requires large-area warehouse configuration, empty boxes are transported by vehicles and are easily damaged, and the like in the prior art are solved, and the purely folding gift packing box has high practicability and wide market application prospect.

The invention relates to a surface layer material of an athletic field, and aims to provide a plastic surface layer of an elastic bead track for athletic running. The plastic surface layer has the characteristics of good friction performance, excellent impact and absorption property, firm structure, excellent durability, water permeability and air permeability. According to the technical scheme, the plastic surface layer of the elastic bead track for athletic running comprises a plurality of near-spherical macromolecular elastic body beads, and is characterized in that the near-spherical macromolecular elastic body beads are piled up to form the plastic surface layer with a certain thickness, the adjacent elastic body beads are connected one another integrally through adhesives of portionswhich are in contact with one another, or the portions which are in contact with one another are fused and adhered integrally; and the other portions form irregular hollowed-out gaps.