A device for detecting the effects of an atmospheric turbulence to space laser communication provided by the invention consists of an emitting terminal and a receiving terminal; the emitting terminal consists of a laser expanding lens (1), a laser expanding lens (2), a laser expanding lens (3), a fixing mechanism (4), a semiconductor laser array (5), a pitch rotating floor (6) and a course rotating floor (7); the receiving terminal consists of an adjustable diaphragm (8), a card type system (9), a lens (10), a lens (11), a photodetector (12), a computer (13), a lens (14), a CCD camera (16), a pitch rotating floor (17), a course rotating floor (18) and a dispersion prism(19). The detecting device can realize the detecting of the effects of the atmospheric turbulence to space laser communication, can measure an atmospheric refraction index constant, can validate different receiving calibers and different CCD integral times as well as an atmospheric twinkling variance during multi-caliber emitting and can give the time domain and space domain distribution situations of light intensity.