The invention discloses a real-time exposure monitoring device used in the manufacture of a holographic grating, belongs to the field of spectral technologies, relates to a real-time exposure monitoring device, and aims at solving the technical problem of providing the real-time exposure monitoring device used in the manufacture of the holographic grating. With regard to the technical proposal, the monitoring device comprises a grating substrate, a latent image grating, a recording beam, an interference field, a photoelectric receiver, a recording laser, a plane mirror, a spatial filter, a collimating mirror, a regulating mirror, a monitoring laser, a data processing system and a display. The grating substrate coated with a photoresist is placed in the interference field and exposed to form the latent image grating on the surface of the grating substrate, and the monitoring laser irradiates the latent image grating, the photoelectric receiver is arranged in the diffracted light direction, and the diffracted light is processed by the data processing system and then transmitted to the display, and the exposure can be obtained from the change of the diffracted light displayed on the display. The monitoring device can rapidly and automatically control the exposure of the holographic grating, accurately determine the exposure cut-off point, and provide a basis for the exposure technology of the holographic grating.