9 results about "Hydronium ion" patented technology

The disclosure relates to an aqueous electrochemical device comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator and an aqueous electrolyte having an alkaline pH, wherein onto the positive electrode is disposed at least one layer of nanoparticles capable of being used to form a local hydronium ion rich environment at the positive electrode during operation of the device, and / or the capacity ratio between the negative electrode and the positive electrode is less than 1 so as to substantially avoid production of oxygen at the positive electrode. The electrochemical device may find particular use in large-scale energy storage.

A method for producing hydrogen including: performing electrolysis of a hydronium solution, the hydronium solution including: a molecule including hydrogen and oxygen; hydronium ions; hydroxide anions (OH-); a pH between -1.0 and 0.5; and a hydroxide anion OH- concentration of about 1% or less, wherein the hydronium solution is configured to maintain the same pH and the same hydroxide anion OH- concentration for at least six years. A method for producing hydrogen including: performing electrolysis of a hydronium solution, the hydronium solution including: a molecule including hydrogen and oxygen; hydronium ions; hydroxide anions (OH-); a pH between -1.0 and 0.5; and a hydroxide anion OH- concentration of about 1% or less, wherein the hydronium solution is configured to maintain the same pH and the same hydroxide anion OH-

A sorbent for direct air capture of CO2 includes a porous amine-functionalized polymeric material including a rigid crosslinker having one or more proton binding sites configured to bind a hydronium ion under wet conditions of the direct air capture of CO2, the sorbent having an amine efficiency greater than 0.3.

Methods of treating lead poisoning are described. The methods involve administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a particulate metal titanate ion exchanger having an empirical formula on an anhydrous basis of: AmTixMyOz where A is an exchangeable cation selected from the group consisting of potassium ion, sodium ion, lithium ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, hydronium ion or mixtures thereof, and M is optionally at least one framework metal selected from niobium (5+), zirconium (4+), tin (4+), iron (3+), iron (2+), cobalt (2+), and manganese (2+).

The invention provides a mass-to-charge ratio-based proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer calibration method, and the method comprises the steps: S1, obtaining a function relation between the sensitivity of each standard gas group and the charge ratio of a corresponding protonation product, each standard gas group independently comprises organic matter gases belonging to the same category but different specific categories; s2, respectively substituting the mass-to-charge ratios of the protonated products of different gas components in the gas to be detected into the function relationship of the respective corresponding standard gas group, and calculating to obtain the respective sensitivity of the different gas components in the gas to be detected; and S3, calculating the concentration of the gas component in the gas to be detected according to the respective peak response intensity and sensitivity of different gas components in the gas to be detected. According to the method, the reaction rate constant between the volatile organic compound and the hydrated hydrogen ions does not need to be obtained in advance, and the quantitative analysis efficiency of the proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer in a complex environmental sample is remarkably improved.

To provide glass articles that exhibit higher performance, such as damage resistance, for use in portable electronic devices. [Solution] A glass is provided comprising a hydrogen-containing layer extending from the surface to the layer depth, and a compressive stress layer extending from the surface to the compression depth. The hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen-containing layer decreases from the maximum hydrogen concentration towards the layer depth, and the hydrogen species include one or more of molecular water, hydroxyl, hydrogen ions, and hydronium. The glass exhibits a high Vickers indentation crack threshold.

Disclosed herein are batteries and methods of making batteries. The batteries disclosed herein generally include a positive electrode, an electrolyte capable of conducting protons and / or hydronium ions, and a negative electrode comprising a material capable of absorbing protons and / or hydronium ions, wherein (i) the positive electrode is in contact with a positive electrode species; or (ii) the electrolyte comprises a reduced positive electrode species, or (iii) the positive electrode is in contact with a positive electrode species and the electrolyte comprises a reduced positive electrode species, and wherein the positive electrode species is an oxide of one or more metals or an oxide of a halide.

Process for the production of hydrogen from an aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid in dissociated form, within said aqueous solution there being present at least one electrode composed of a metal alloy containing a plurality of metals with different standard reduction potentials, the process comprising the following steps: reduction to hydrogen of the hydronium ions present in the solution, as a result of a flow of electrons generated in the electrode between pairs of metals, from the lower potential metal to the higher potential metal, and extraction of hydrogen thus obtained from said aqueous solution.

Biofilm inactivation compositions and methods for inactivating, reducing, and / or removing adherent bacteria or biofilms from surfaces are disclosed. The biofilm inactivation compositions comprise: at least one biocide, wherein the biocide is peracetic acid and / or peroctanoic acid; and a hydrated hydrogen ion source, wherein the hydrated hydrogen ion source is one or more strong acids selected from sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, or hydroiodic acid, wherein the composition is provided in a working composition at a concentration of at least 100 ppm and provides a working pH of 2.5 or below and a reduction of at least 5-log in the population of microorganisms and pathogens in the biofilm, and wherein the hydrated hydrogen ion source is provided in the working composition at a concentration of at least 0.003 M hydrated hydrogen ions.