55 results about "Hydronium ion" patented technology

A method for generating a multihydrated hydronium ion including the steps: agitating water to reduce cluster size, mixing sulfuric acid in the water, adding a solution containing Ca3+ ions, removing precipitated Ca sulfate, cooling the resultant liquid to a form a slush, filterin out ice from the slush, distilling free water from the remaining liquid wherein the remaining liquid is H₉O₄⁺.

An energy cell for producing electrical energy and a fuel being a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen from aqueous solutions of hydronium and oxyanions. The aqueous solution of hydronium ions is delivered to a cathode in a cathode compartment where the ions are reduced by contact with a precious metal cathode. The aqueous solution of oxyanions is delivered to an anode in an anode compartment where the ions are reduced by contact with a precious metal cathode. Electrical potential between anode and cathode is available as a source of electrical energy. Hydrogen from the cathode department and oxygen from the anode compartment are combusted to provide heat in a combustion compartment.

The invention relates to a method and a device for reducing scale formation and/or corrosion in systems which conduct liquids or are in contact with liquids. According to the invention, this is achieved without reducing the quantity of hardness constituents contained in the liquid overall, without exchanging the hardness constituents in the liquid for other cations such as e.g. hydronium, sodium or potassium and without adding chemicals such as e.g. phosphates which inhibit scale formation to the liquid. Instead, scale formation is reduced by specifically shifting the molar distribution of the hardness constituents, especially the distribution proportions of the individual hardness constituents magnesium and calcium strontium and barium. According to the inventive method, proportions of the hardness constituents calcium, strontium and barium in the liquid are substituted with the proportions of the hardness constituent magnesium, In addition to efficiently reducing scale formation, the method inhibits corrosion processes in systems which conduct liquids or are in contact with liquids and reduces the extent of these processes.

A novel cell including first and second chambers containing a solvent and separated by a wall permeable to the solvent and impermeable to hydronium and/or hydroxyl ions; a first electrode in the first chamber; a second electrode in the second chamber; a first redox couple in the first chamber comprising a first oxidizer and a first reducer taking part in first oxidation-reduction reactions resulting in an electron exchange with the first electrode; a second redox couple in the second chamber comprising a second oxidizer and a second reducer taking part in second oxidation-reduction reactions resulting in an electron exchange with the second electrode, the wall being impermeable to the first and second redox couples; and first enzymes or first microorganisms placed in the first or second chamber and promoting a third oxidation-reduction reaction resulting transforming a first substance to a second substance comprising acid or alkaline species.

A capture device for capturing a target gas from a gas flow is disclosed that can be continuously used without requiring consumption of target gas binding salts. To this end, the device is arranged to generate separate acidic and alkaline streams of fluid by electrolyzing water, binding the target gas to the hydroxide ions in the alkaline fluid stream or the hydronium ions in the acidic stream, and recombining the generated streams to release the bound target gas and regenerating part of the electrolyzed water for further electrolysis. Such a capture device may for instance be used in a gas purification system, e.g. an air purification system for controlling target gas levels in a confined space such as a vehicle cabin, domestic dwelling or office space, a target gas generation system or a target gas enrichment system, e.g. for creating target gas-rich air for horticultural purposes. A method for capturing target gas from a gas flow and optionally utilizing the captured target gas is also disclosed.

The present invention relates to hydronium stabilized silicic acid nanoparticles, to the formulation obtained from the said diluted suspension, to the powder obtained from the said dehydrated suspension and to the preparation or dosage form obtained from the said suspension, formulation or powder, to their preparation and their use in all kinds of applications in the domains of food, medicine, pharmaceutics, cosmetics. The present invention provides a stable suspension of colloidal silicic acid nanoparticles having a pH lower than 0.9, a molar silicon concentration between 0.035 and 0.65, a free water concentration of at least 30% (w/v) and a ratio between hydronium ion and Si molar concentrations higher than 2 and preferably inferior to 4. The present invention further provides a method for preparing a stable suspension of colloidal silicic acid nanoparticles, which comprises the steps of providing an aqueous inorganic or organic silicon solution and quick mixing said aqueous inorganic or organic silicon solution with water containing a strong acidic compound at a temperature inferior at 30° C., preferably comprised between 1 and 25° C., to form a suspension of colloidal silicic acid nanoparticles having a pH lower than 0.9, stabilized by hydronium ions, the ratio between hydronium ions and Si molar concentrations being higher than 2 and preferably inferior to 4, for a molar silicon concentration between 0.035 and 0.65 and a free water concentration of at least 30% (w/v).

A liquid biocide containing stabilized chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid for various uses, including use as a teat dip or dairy animals. The stable, prophylactic biocide consists essentially of 0.10-20.0% by weight of a chlorite salt, 0.1-3.0% by weight of an acid, 0.10-2.0% by weight of an alkaline agent, and the balance water. Chlorite salt reacts with the acid to form germicidal chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid. The acid constituency and the alkaline agent constituency regulate the pH of the solution such that the biocide is stable when mixed for a period greater than two months. The present disclosure also includes a method of producing a stable, prophylactic biocide for dairy cattle, the method comprising 0.10-20.0% by weight of a chlorite salt, 0.10-3.0% by weight of an acid, 0.10-2.0% by weight of an alkaline agent, and the balance water in a container, and sealing the container. In the method, the acid and alkaline agent constituencies regulate the pH of the solution such that the formation of hydronium ions from the acid is correspondingly regulated to stabilize the solution for a period greater than two months from the date of sealing.

The present invention provides a method for selectively sealing a thief zone in a hydrocarbon reservoir located in a calcium-rich formation and penetrated by a borehole comprising injecting into the thief zone a sealing fluid comprising a mixture of and hydronium ions (H⁺) and a source of sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻) which mixture can provide precipitation of a designated calcium sulfate compound.

An embodiment provides a method for determining the alkalinity of an aqueous sample using an alkalinity sensor, including: monitoring the pH of an aqueous sample using a pH sensor in a sample cell, the pH sensor including a pH sensor electrode made of boron-doped diamond; generating hydronium ions, using a hydronium generator, in the aqueous sample in the sample cell, the hydronium generator including a hydronium-generating electrode; changing the pH of the aqueous sample by causing the hydronium generator to generate an amount of hydronium ions in the aqueous sample; quantifying and converting a current or charge to the number of hydronium ions produced to an end point of the electrochemical titration, the end point correlating to the alkalinity of a sample; and analyzing the alkalinity of the aqueous sample based on the generated amount of hydronium ions and the resulting change in pH monitored by the pH sensor.

The present invention provides methods for fabricating a fuel cell membrane structure that can dramatically reduce fuel crossover, thereby improving fuel cell efficiency and power output. Preferred composite membrane structures include an inorganic layer situated between the anode layer and the proton-exchange membrane. The inorganic layer can conduct protons in unhydrated form, rather than as hydronium ions, which reduces fuel crossover. Some methods of this invention include certain coating steps to effectively deposit an inorganic layer on an organic proton-exchange membrane.

The invention relates to a method of peptide sequencing from peptide fragment mass data, wherein a step of deriving a plurality of candidate peptide sequences comprises the following steps: calculating peptide fragment masses by adding to masses of a proton, hydronium ion, b1 ion or y1 ion masses of one amino acid or more amino acids; searching a plurality of peak data for masses matching said calculated peptide fragment masses; annotating in all permutations said peak data with amino acid sequences that correspond to said calculated peptide fragment masses, thereby creating one or more potential sequences; extending said potential sequences to resulting masses with additional matching masses by stepwise adding masses of one or more amino acids and searching for masses in said plurality of peak data that match said resulting masses; extending said stepwise additions until said resulting masses correspond to parental peptide masses or said parental peptide masses minus the mass of water, depending on whether the b or y ion series sequences are calculated; and providing at least one identified peptide sequence by deleting sequences from said potential sequences that can not be extended to endpoints of said parental peptide masses, and deleting from said potential sequences identical sequences generated in at least one of the foregoing steps.

A highly sensitive carbon-nanomaterial-based gas sensor for use in high-humidity environments and a method of improving the sensitivity thereof, the gas sensor being configured such that a functional group for binding to a water molecule is formed on the surface of a first detector composed of a carbon nanomaterial, whereby a hydronium ion (H₃O⁺) is produced and thus an additional ion conduction path is formed, thereby obtaining an additional reaction path in high-humidity environments, ultimately improving the sensitivity and detection threshold of the sensor. The gas sensor includes a substrate, a first detector disposed on the substrate, electrodes electrically connected to the first detector, and a second detector disposed on the first detector, wherein the second detector has a hydrophilic functional group.

The invention discloses an ion strain sensor and a preparation method and application thereof. The ion strain sensor comprises a perfluorosulfonic acid intermediate layer, interfacial transition layers arranged on both sides of the perfluorosulfonic acid intermediate layer, and a surface electrode layer arranged on the outside of the interfacial transition layer. The interfacial transition layer serves as an ion migration channel, and the sensing signal of the ion strain sensor originates from the anisotropic transmission and accumulation of hydrogen ions in the perfluorosulfonic acid intermediate layer during deformation. A mechanical strain information is read by an innovative ion-collecting strain sensor. A nano-electrode material is combined with a polyelectrolyte material. A fast-responding ion transport channel is constructed, which overcomes the key problems of poor flexible conformability and low accuracy, realizes complex multi-dimensional azimuth recognition and weak signal high-sensitive sensing function, and has the characteristics of low power consumption, high resolution, high stability, high spatial responsiveness and so on.

Water purification systems utilizing oxidation. By passing water through a chamber of air, the impurities within the water, such as iron, manganese, and/or hydrogen sulfide gas, may be oxidized. The oxidized constituents in the water may then precipitate out and be removed by filter media. Thus, by utilizing oxidation, the impurities most commonly found in a consumer's water are readily removed. Additionally, the water purification systems of the present invention may also elevate the pH, i.e., reduce the hydronium ion concentration, of the water when the water is acidic. By raising the pH of the water, the oxidation of impurities, such as iron and manganese, is more complete and also occurs at a faster rate. Additionally, the corrosivity of the water is also reduced when the pH is elevated.

A biodegradable resin composition comprising polylactic acid and nanosheeted layered titanic acid characterized in that the nonasheeted layered titanic acid is nanosheeted layered titanic acid obtained by a preparing process comprising the steps of: (1) treating layered titanate represented by the general formula:

A_xM_y□_zTi_2−(y+z)O₄  (1)

[wherein A and M represent a different monovalent to trivalent metal, □ represents a part defective in Ti, x is a positive real number satisfying 0<x<1.0, and y and z are 0 or a positive real number satisfying 0<y+z<1.0, respectively]with an acid or warm water to replace an A ion and/or a M ion with hydrogen and/or a hydronium ion, and (2) reacting the resulting compound with a basic compound having interlayer swelling activity thereon, to swell or peel between layers.

The invention belongs to the technical field of daily life, and particularly designs a drinking water filter material and a preparation process thereof as well as a corresponding water filter device. The water filter material is prepared by sintering a filter component powder substance and a clay powder substance, wherein the filter component at least comprises a substance which can generate atomic groups with positive electricity and negative electricity. Due to adopting the technical scheme, the pH value of pure water is adjusted to be weakly alkaline, a sterilization function is achieved, macroelements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and trace elements such as zinc, iron, selenium, strontium, iodine, fluorine, metasilicic acid and the like, which are beneficial to the human body, are released, two negative ions such as hydroxidion and hydronium ions are produced, immunity and natural healing capacity of the human body for harmful substances can be improved, the water molecular groups can be reduced by utilizing the produced negative ions, and the water molecules and trace elements can be conveniently absorbed by the human body.

The invention provides a graphene aerogel modified fuel cell proton exchange membrane and a preparation method thereof. Dispersing graphite oxide uniformly in a mixed solution of ethanol and water, adding ethylenediamine to react to obtain graphene hydrogel, drying under freezing condition to obtain granular graphene aerogel, then dispersing in ethanol solution and coating on the surface layer ofsubstrate, then coating ethanol solution of perfluorosulfonic acid, drying and vacuum heat treating; The modified fuel cell proton exchange membrane is obtained by stripping and removing the substrate. As that graphene aerogel and the perfluorosulfonic acid resin are compound to form a sandwich structure, the swelling of the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane lay due to water absorption can be effectively restrained, the mechanical strength and stability of the membrane material can be improved, the conduction of moisture and the migration of hydrogen ion and protons of hydrate can be effectivelypromoted, and the electric conductivity of the membrane material can be improved.

The fuel cell, generating electric power from oxygen and hydronium ions and comprising an anode (A), a magnetic cathode, comprising an active layer ( 2 ), and a proton electrolyte ( 1 ) between the anode and the cathode, comprises a network ( 3 ) of permanent magnets ( 4 ) designed to increase the diffusion of oxygen in the active layer. The centers of the magnets ( 4 ) of the network ( 3 ) of permanent magnets are preferably arranged with a two-dimensional distribution in a plane arranged at the interface between the electrolyte ( 1 ) and the active layer ( 2 ), the magnets being magnetized in parallel manner along the axis perpendicular to this plane. In this way, all the poles of one polarity (S) are surrounded by the active layer ( 2 ), all the poles of opposite polarity (N) being surrounded by the electrolyte ( 1 ).

[Object] To provide water that is able to suppress proliferation of cancer cells by taking it in the human body through ingestion or injection thereof and is free of side effects and a method for making same.

[Solving Means] Soft water generators 10, 12, each having an ion exchange resin 32 therein, an ion generator having tourmaline therein, and a rock accommodating container having a rock 54 selected from igneous rocks and containing a large amount of silicon dioxide are connected in series in this order, and water is passed through the ion exchange resin 32, the tourmaline 46 and the rock 54 selected from igneous rocks and containing a large amount of silicon dioxide in this order. The resulting water contains large amounts of a hydrogen ion (H⁺) and a hydronium ion (H₃O⁺). When this water is ingested as ordinary drinking water or injected in the human body along with the ingestion, cancer cells can be suppressed from division and proliferation.

A potentiometric measurement device that can be carried by the patient or user easily and it can measure the urea, phosphate and pH values in an amount of blood in every environment, such as home, office and hospital. It includes a measurement module, a control module and a communication unit. It includes at least one urea sensing unit for determination of the urea amount in blood, at least one phosphate sensing unit for determination of the phosphate amount in blood, at least one pH sensing unit for determination of the hydronium ion level in blood. It includes a control module that determines urea, phosphate and pH values in blood via the data measured by the urea sensing unit, phosphate sensing unit and pH sensing unit.

A carbon deposits removal method for internal combustion engine suitable for removing carbon deposits in an internal combustion engine includes the following steps: A. providing hydronium ions gas containing hydronium ions and hydrogen; B. continuing the idle operation of internal combustion engine to continuously introduce the hydronium ions gas and hydrogen into the internal combustion engine for reaction of the hydronium ions gas and hydrogen with the carbon deposits; and, C. waiting for the discharge of substance after reaction. By the present invention, there is no need to disassemble the engine and the hydronium ions gas may soften the carbon deposits and react with the carbon deposits to generate water gas to be burned with hydrogen to consume the carbon deposits. The hydronium ions gas can prevent the occurrence of detonation phenomenon without the concern of engine damage. Furthermore, the substance after reaction of the hydronium ions gas and hydrogen used by the present invention with the carbon deposits is non-toxic and environmental friendly.