88 results about "Phosphor bronze" patented technology

A method of assembling and installing a vertical cable infill deck railing system is disclosed in which cables are strung two parallel rails, pulled taut, and tightened into position. The cable railing system resists galvanic corrosion by using a flange nut cap to separate dissimilar metals. The flange nut cap also prevents the associated flange nut from falling if it is overly loosened. Galling is reduced without the need for additional coatings by using a phosphor bronze threaded crimp.

The invention belongs to the field of industrial modules, and provides a phosphor copper ball production polishing detection model construction method and system, and the method comprises the steps: collecting an optical image and a spectral image of the top of a polishing barrel; performing spatial alignment on the optical image and the spectral image, determining a first position of the phosphor copper ball in the spectral image, and calculating a corresponding second position of the phosphor copper ball in the optical image; judging the geometric integrity of the phosphor copper ball based on a roundness threshold value; calculating the roughness index of the surface of the phosphor copper ball at the second position by adopting a gray-level co-occurrence matrix analysis method so as to evaluate whether the polishing is uniform or not; calculating the smoothness uniformity of the phosphor copper ball by adopting a brightness histogram analysis method, and judging whether the phosphor copper ball meets a polishing standard or not; and when the finish degree of the phosphor copper ball is lower than a preset threshold value, adjusting polishing parameters and continuing polishing, otherwise, stopping polishing and outputting a detection result.

The invention provides an optical element six-degree-of-freedom adjusting and clamping device and an assembling method, and relates to the technical field of optical instruments. The device comprises a supporting base, a ball head adjusting screw, a cantilever spring mechanism and an elastic opposite ejection mechanism. The bottom of the support base is provided with a triangular layout through hole group. The center of gravity of the optical element is in the triangle. The cantilever spring mechanism and the ball head adjusting screw are combined to control Z-axis displacement and rotation around the X / Y axis, and the elastic opposite ejection mechanism and the ball head adjusting screw are combined to control X / Y-axis translation and rotation around the Z axis. All contact interfaces adopt a spherical surface-plane point contact design, and tungsten steel or phosphor bronze is selected as a material. According to the invention, six-degree-of-freedom independent precision adjustment of the optical element can be realized, the error of a clamping surface is as low as 0.068 mu rad, the structure is compact, and the adaptability is high.

The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency coaxial connectors, in particular to a tin-phosphor bronze radio frequency coaxial connector assembling machine, an assembling method and a radio frequency coaxial connector suitable for the assembling machine, the tin-phosphor bronze radio frequency coaxial connector assembling machine comprises a machining table, a fixing plate and a supporting plate, the fixing plate and the supporting plate are fixed to the machining table, and a conveying assembly is arranged on the fixing plate; the lower clamping assembly is arranged on the machining table, and the lower clamping assembly comprises clamping plates which are symmetrically arranged; the lifting assembly is arranged on the supporting plate, an upper clamping assembly is arranged on the lifting assembly, and the upper clamping assembly comprises clamping plates which are symmetrically arranged; the spacing regulation and control mechanism is arranged on the supporting plate and is connected with the upper clamping assembly; and the follow-up rotating assembly is arranged on the lifting assembly and is connected with the spacing regulation and control mechanism, mutual plugging of the connectors is realized through bidirectional clamping of a clamping plate and a clamping plate, and after plugging is completed, drawing force is applied to the connectors so as to test whether the connectors are plugged in place or not.

The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing, in particular to a phosphor bronze wire rolling mill device which comprises a bottom plate, machine bodies are arranged on the bottom plate, an upper roller and a lower roller which are vertically arranged in parallel are arranged between the machine bodies, and the upper roller is slidably arranged between the machine bodies through sliding plates on the two sides; the outer walls of the two studs are both sleeved with rotating wheels, and a belt is arranged between the two rotating wheels. The stand column is provided with a set of transmission adjusting assemblies arranged in a triangular mode. The air cooling mechanism is arranged on the bottom plate and corresponds to the discharging direction of the machine body; two traction rollers are arranged between the two supporting frames; and a speed change mechanism is arranged on the vertical plate. The rotating wheel rotates to drive the stud to move up and down, the position of the upper roller can be adjusted, the rolling machine can be suitable for producing wires of different diameters, the adaptability and flexibility of a production line are improved, the upper roller and the lower roller are each provided with a groove, and the precision of wire rolling and the product quality are ensured.

The invention relates to a device for removing an oxide layer on the surface of tin-phosphor bronze before hot rolling treatment, and belongs to the technical field of tin-phosphor bronze surface treatment.The device comprises a supporting structure used for supporting a grinding mechanism, and the supporting structure is provided with a chuck and a driving mechanism which are used in cooperation with the grinding mechanism; a knocking mechanism and a limiting plate which are used for treating tin-phosphor bronze are arranged on one side of the grinding mechanism, and a liquid conveying mechanism used in cooperation with the grinding mechanism is further arranged on the supporting structure. The knocking mechanism comprises a knocking block and a connecting frame arranged above the knocking block, and a mounting shaft for mounting the knocking block is fixed to the bottom side of the connecting frame. After the device for removing the surface oxide layer of the tin-phosphor bronze before hot rolling treatment is used in cooperation with a knocking function, the device for removing the surface oxide layer of the tin-phosphor bronze has remarkable advantages in the aspects of removal efficiency, surface quality, treatment stability, equipment service life, production efficiency and flexibility, environmental protection, energy conservation and the like.

A brazed joint that can suppress the decrease in joint strength even when brass (50, 60) containing bismuth instead of lead and stainless steel (10) are joined by brazing with a solder material, and a method for producing the brazed joint are provided.A brazed joint made of stainless steel (10) and brass (50, 60), provided with a layered structure in which stainless steel (10), a first brazing material layer (20), a barrier layer (30), a second brazing material layer (40) and brass (50, 60) are arranged successively in layers, wherein the barrier layer (30) is a layer that blocks the transfer of bismuth in the brass (50, 60) to the first brazing material layer (20) by brazing the stainless steel (10) and the brass (50, 60), wherein the barrier layer (30) contains at least either a brass (50, 60) or a phosphor bronze, and a brazing material from which the first brazing material layer (20) and the second brazing material layer (40) consist is liquid at 680 to 800°C.

To provide a brazed joint which can inhibit reduction of joint strength even when a brass which contains bismuth in place of lead and stainless steel are brazed with a brazing material, and to provide a manufacturing method of the brazed joint.SOLUTION: A brazed joint of stainless steel and a brass includes a layer structure in which the stainless steel, a first brazing material layer, a barrier layer, a second brazing material layer, and the brass are sequentially arranged in a laminar manner. The barrier layer blocks bismuth in the brass from being moved to the first brazing material layer by brazing the stainless steel and the brass to each other. The barrier layer is at least one of brass and phosphor bronze. A brazing material forming the first brazing material layer and the second brazing material layer is a liquid at a temperature ranging from 680 to 800°C.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention discloses a bright annealing process for a copper alloy wire. The bright annealing process comprises the following steps: coating the surface of the copper alloy wire with a composite solid lubricant; the heating / cooling rate of a preheating zone (200-350 DEG C), the heating / cooling rate of a main annealing zone (450-650 DEG C) and the heating / cooling rate of a slow cooling zone (300-450 DEG C) are smaller than or equal to 15 DEG C / s; and an atomized anti-oxidation liquid film is applied to an outlet of the slow cooling area. According to the bright annealing process for the copper alloy wire, the lubricant with specific components is decomposed at a high temperature to form an in-situ protection layer, generation of oxide skin is inhibited in combination with gradient temperature control, and a bright surface with the surface roughness Ra smaller than or equal to 0.2 micron can be achieved without introducing hydrogen or nitrogen. The cost is reduced by more than 40%, and the method is suitable for easily-oxidized copper alloys such as tin-phosphor bronze and cupronickel.

The invention discloses a process production method of a tin-phosphor bronze alloy, which is characterized in that the tin-phosphor bronze alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.6-0.7% of Sn; the copper alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.10-0.25% of P, 0.05-0.10% of Te, less than or equal to 0.10% of other impurity elements and the balance of According to the method, the rod material with the diameter phi of 12.5 mm is produced through 2000 kg horizontal continuous casting. The process route comprises the steps of rod material continuous casting, cold rolling, softening annealing, reverse drawing and peeling, reverse drawing and peeling, softening annealing, reverse drawing and peeling, reverse drawing, softening annealing and reverse drawing of a finished product. According to the process route, the organization structure of the material is converted into a compact cold drawing organization from a coarse as-cast organization. And due to the increase of the tellurium element, the machinability of the material is improved by 15%, and the tin-phosphor bronze material obtained through the process route is compact in structure, fine in grain, high in strength and excellent in comprehensive performance. The tensile strength Rm of the tin-phosphor bronze material is larger than or equal to 800 MPa, the ductility A is larger than or equal to 3%, the machinability is 80% or above, and the electric conductivity is larger than or equal to 14% IACS.

The utility model provides a replaceable phosphor copper mesh filter assembly, which relates to the technical field of phosphor copper meshes, and comprises a phosphor copper mesh and further comprises a mounting assembly, and the mounting assembly is composed of two mounting fixing covers arranged on two sides of the phosphor copper mesh; the clamping and extruding assembly is composed of extruding limiting plates arranged between the phosphor copper mesh and the mounting and fixing cover, the number of the extruding limiting plates is two, the two extruding limiting plates are symmetrical about the center of the phosphor copper mesh, and limiting and fixing cones are arranged on the sides, close to each other, of the two extruding limiting plates; the two extrusion limiting plates are symmetrically arranged relative to the center of the phosphor copper mesh, when the two extrusion limiting plates get close to each other, the limiting fixing cones on the extrusion limiting plates can make contact with the phosphor copper mesh, the limiting fixing cones can generate elastic deformation and can be tightly embedded into grids of the phosphor copper mesh, uniform extrusion force and limiting effect are applied to the phosphor copper mesh from the two sides, and therefore the phosphor copper mesh is prevented from being damaged. And the phosphor copper mesh is firmly fixed in the mounting fixing cover.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of tin-phosphor bronze belt production, and particularly relates to tin-phosphor bronze belt rolling. The utility model provides a reel for cold rolling of a high-yield-ratio and high-elasticity tin-phosphor bronze belt, which comprises a winding drum suitable for winding the tin-phosphor bronze belt, and a left baffle disc and a right baffle disc are arranged on two sides of the winding drum; the pressing and holding piece is arranged at the edge of the left baffle disc; the locking position is arranged at the edge of the right baffle disc; during locking, the pressing and holding piece stretches across the winding drum to be matched with the locking position, and the tail end of the tin-phosphor bronze belt on the outermost circle is extruded and locked. The pressing and holding piece is arranged on the left blocking disc, the locking position is arranged on the right blocking disc, the pressing and holding piece stretches across the winding drum and stretches into the locking position by rotating the pressing and holding piece, the tin-phosphor bronze belt on the outermost circle of the winding drum is pressed, the phenomenon that the coiled tin-phosphor bronze belt is loose after the winding disc is taken down from the winding device is avoided, and the winding efficiency is improved. And the production continuity of the tin-phosphor bronze belt is improved.

An e-cigarette PV that includes an air pressure valve or device so that excess air can escape from an e-liquid reservoir in the PV when that reservoir is being filled under pressure with e-liquid from a parent reservoir. The valve or device is a barrier made of an air-porous material, such as a sintered polymer or metal, coated with or otherwise including a barrier or layer of an air-porous substance that is not porous to e-liquid, such as an oleophobic material or a hydrophobic or super-hydrophobic material. The oleophobic material is one of: sintered phosphor bronze, sintered stainless steel and sintered PU plastic.

The invention discloses a large-size tin-phosphor bronze / Q235B composite plate and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of material forming, the method comprises the following steps: by taking a Q235B steel plate as a base plate and a tin-phosphor bronze plate as a compound plate, sequentially laying a base plate, the Q235B steel plate, a support column, the tin-phosphor bronze plate, a protective layer, a fence structure, a low-detonation-velocity rock expanded ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive layer and an inert layer on an explosion field from bottom to top, and forming the composite plate. And then the tin-phosphor bronze plate and the Q235B steel plate are subjected to metallurgical bonding after high-speed collision by detonating the explosive, the large-size tin-phosphor bronze / Q235B composite plate is obtained, the interface bonding rate of the obtained composite plate is larger than 98%, the interface shear strength exceeds 274 MPa, and the composite plate has the advantages of excellent high strength, wear resistance and the like of tin-phosphor bronze and low cost of Q235B steel.

The invention relates to the technical field of copper wire material testing equipment, and in particular to a phosphor bronze wire strength testing device. Winding drums are connected to the two sides of a testing platform for rotating and tensioning the copper wire. The roller shaft slides along the sliding height in the slider to adjust the height position of the variable diameter roller. The slide frame is pushed to slide longitudinally by a driving mechanism so that the roller shaft moves along the longitudinal edge of a through groove. At this time, the variable diameter roller pushes the tensioned copper wire to stretch longitudinally to achieve strength testing of the copper wire under different degrees of bending. The copper wire attached to the outer side of the variable diameter roller is tested by a testing cover, which is beneficial to more efficient real-time testing on the one hand and provides protection on the other hand. When the linear tensile strength of the copper wire needs to be tested, the winding drum is controlled to be continuously tightened, and the slider is pushed to slide transversely by a driving mechanism so that the roller shaft moves along the transverse edge of the through groove. The testing cover is tested by transverse movement along the tensioned copper wire, which is beneficial to real-time and efficient detection of surface damage of the linearly stretched copper wire.

The invention relates to the technical field of cutting devices, and particularly discloses a cutting device for tin-phosphor bronze belt production and processing, which comprises a supporting bracket, a working bracket is fixedly connected to the top of the supporting bracket, and a first motor is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the working bracket through a motor bracket; a driving shaft of the first motor penetrates through the working support and is fixedly connected with a first rotating roller, the end, away from the first motor, of the first rotating roller is rotationally connected with one side of the working support, and the part, located on one side of the first rotating roller, of the inner wall of the working support is fixedly connected with a first electric guide rail; according to the cutting device for tin-phosphor bronze belt production and processing, through cooperation of the flattening pretreatment device and the cutting device, the temperature during cutting is reduced, the cutting efficiency is improved, the cutting quality is improved, and the cutting quality is improved. And the service life of the cutter is prolonged.

The invention discloses a production process of a tin-plated phosphor bronze wire for a transformer, and the production process comprises the following steps: S1, deoiling, pickling and activating a phosphor bronze wire to obtain a first phosphor bronze wire; s2, electroplating the first phosphor bronze wire in a pre-plating solution dissolved with tin methanesulfonate, indium trichloride and manganese sulfate, and washing to obtain a second phosphor bronze wire; s3, tinning the surface of the second phosphor bronze wire; the pre-plating solution further comprises a pH regulator, a complexing agent and an organic plating assistant. According to the production process of the tin-plated phosphor bronze wire for the transformer, indium salt, tin salt, manganese salt and indium salt are introduced into a pre-plating solution with tin salt and manganese salt as main salts, and reduction deposition is carried out on the surface of a copper wire at the same time to form a tin-manganese-indium alloy layer; the tin-manganese-indium alloy layer is favorable for optimizing the mechanical properties such as bending times, tensile strength and the like and the service life of the tin-plated phosphor bronze wire. The invention also discloses the tin-plated phosphor bronze wire prepared by the production process of the tin-plated phosphor bronze wire for the transformer.

The present invention provides an electromagnetic horizontal continuous casting device and continuous casting method for a high-tin wide-width tin-phosphor bronze alloy strip. The continuous casting device includes a horizontal continuous casting furnace group insulation furnace, a crystallizer, a stirring part and an AC power supply. This scheme can avoid major changes in the horizontal continuous casting crystallizer due to the introduction of a magnetic field generator, thereby making the magnetic field generator and the horizontal continuous casting crystallizer integrated, simpler and easier to install. The magnetic field generator is fixed under the frame baffle, and is rammed and sintered together with the ramming material to increase the firmness of the crystallizer and the immovability of the magnetic field generator, ensuring that the magnetic field generator and the insulation furnace are isolated at a safe distance due to refractory materials, further reducing safety hazards. Placing the magnetic field generator on the upper side of the graphite plate can greatly reduce the influence of the magnetic field generator on the melt flow field and temperature field at the crystallization front due to cooling during operation. The magnetic field generator can ensure that the stirring force is evenly distributed on the entire cross section, and uniform forced stirring can be obtained.

The invention provides a phosphor bronze alloy strip and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of copper alloys. The phosphor bronze alloy strip provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11%-11.5% of Sn, 0.05%-0.35% of P, 0.01%-0.2% of Zn, 0.01%-0.15% of Fe, 0.01%-0.1% of Ni, 0.01%-0.4% of Ag, 0.01%-0.4% of In and / or Bi and the balance of Cu. The average grain size of the phosphor bronze alloy strip is 0.1-10 [mu] m, the tensile strength is 650-850 MPa, the ductility is 45-60%, the surface roughness is 0.06-0.15 [mu] m, and the 90-degree bending property is that the phosphor bronze alloy strip does not crack in the GW and BW directions under the conditions that R / T is equal to 0 and R / T is equal to 0.5, and the phosphor bronze alloy strip can meet key basic materials in the fields of aerospace sensors, automobile braking systems and the like.

The utility model discloses a piston for a GM refrigerating machine. The piston comprises a first-stage piston and a second-stage piston. The first-stage piston is provided with a first-stage piston cavity, and first-stage cold storage filler is arranged in the first-stage piston cavity. One end of the second-stage piston is connected with one end of the first-stage piston, the second-stage piston is provided with a second-stage piston cavity, and second-stage cold storage filler is arranged in the second-stage piston cavity. The first-stage cold storage filler comprises a phosphor bronze punched plate, a first phosphor bronze net layer, a first-stage cold storage pill layer and a second phosphor bronze net layer which are sequentially arranged in the axial direction of the piston. The second-stage cold storage filler comprises a first check ring, a third phosphor bronze net layer, a first supporting layer, a fourth phosphor bronze net layer, a second check ring, a lead shot layer, a first holmium copper net layer, a magnetic cold storage shot layer, a second holmium copper net layer, a second supporting layer and a third holmium copper net layer which are sequentially arranged in the axial direction of the piston. The piston for the GM refrigerating machine has larger cold storage capacity and lower limit bottom temperature.

The application discloses a large-size tin-phosphor bronze / Q235B composite plate and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of material forming. The method uses a Q235B steel plate as a base plate and a tin-phosphor bronze plate as a composite plate, lays, from bottom to top, a backing plate, the Q235B steel plate, a supporting column, the tin-phosphor bronze plate, a protective layer, an enclosure structure, a low-explosive-speed rock expanded ammonium nitrate oil explosive layer and an inert layer on an explosion field, and then causes the tin-phosphor bronze plate and the Q235B steel plate to collide at a high speed by detonating the explosive, so that metallurgical combination is caused, a large-size tin-phosphor bronze / Q235B composite plate is obtained, the interface bonding rate of the obtained composite plate is greater than 98%, the interface shear strength is greater than 274 MPa, and the composite plate has the excellent high strength, wear resistance and other performances of the tin-phosphor bronze and the low-cost advantage of the Q235B steel.

The utility model relates to sealing strip technical field, concretely is a kind of shock resistance sealing strip for electronic appliance, the composite material of silicon rubber main part and polyurethane shock resistance layer, through the synergistic effect of material of different elastic modulus, the attenuation of broadband vibration is realized. The elastic deformation capacity of phosphor bronze spring post can absorb vibration energy below 2000Hz, and the damping characteristic of polyurethane cavity is remarkable to low-frequency vibration (10~50Hz) buffering effect, the composite material of silicon rubber main part and polyurethane shock resistance layer, through the synergistic effect of material of different elastic modulus, the attenuation of broadband vibration is realized. The elastic deformation capacity of phosphor bronze spring post can absorb vibration energy below 2000Hz, and the damping characteristic of polyurethane cavity is remarkable to low-frequency vibration (10~50Hz) buffering effect.

The utility model provides a wear-resistant hardware pin, and relates to the technical field of electronic connectors, the wear-resistant hardware pin comprises a main body mechanism, the outer surface wall of the main body mechanism is fixedly sleeved with a clamping mechanism, the main body mechanism comprises a conductive fiber layer, and the outer surface wall of the conductive fiber layer is fixedly connected with a phosphor bronze hardware pin main body. The outer surface wall of the phosphor bronze hardware contact pin body is provided with a group of first mounting grooves, the outer surface walls of the group of first mounting grooves are fixedly sleeved with protective rings, the top of the phosphor bronze hardware contact pin body is provided with a conical head, and the outer surface wall of the conical head is fixedly sleeved with a protective sleeve; the outer surface wall of the phosphor bronze hardware pin body is fixedly sleeved with two connecting rings. The mechanism is made of a novel material, and a protective ring and a conical head are arranged outside the contact pin, so that the adhesive force and the wear resistance of the contact surface are further improved, the friction force is increased, meanwhile, the wear is reduced, and the durability of equipment is improved.

The utility model provides a phosphor copper ball polishing device. The first polishing belt, the second polishing belt and the polishing plate are installed on the installation frame, and a polishing gap is defined among the three. And the discharging mechanism is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame. A discharging groove is formed between the discharging mechanism and the grinding plate. A through opening is formed in the mounting frame and located below the grinding gap. And one end of the discharge pipe is connected with the bottom end of the through hole and the other end is connected with the storage box. A water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the storage box, and cooling water is contained in the storage box. The baffle is slidably mounted on the mounting frame and located in the middle of the polishing gap and the through opening. The scrap box is arranged under the discharging pipe. And a plurality of small holes are formed in the baffle and the discharging pipe, and chips generated by grinding can fall into the chip box through the small holes. The polishing device can achieve the effect of improving the polishing working efficiency of the phosphor copper balls, and is high in automation degree, comprehensive in function and high in practicability.

The invention discloses a phosphor bronze filler oxidation process. The process comprises the following steps: S1, feeding materials into an ultrasonic heating tank; s2, operating the ultrasonic heating tank, and heating the ultrasonic heating tank to a specified temperature; s3, after the surface of the filler is cleaned, the filler is loaded into an ultrasonic heating pool to be oxidized; s4, in the oxidation process, observing the color purity of the oxidized filler; s5, after oxidation work is completed, the filler is lifted up; s6, the filler is rinsed; and S7, airing the filler. The filler is subjected to oxidation treatment, so that the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the filler are improved; the filler is oxidized through sodium chlorite and sodium hydroxide, in the reaction process, the filler is moved up and down through the travelling crane, reaction liquid in the heating tank circularly moves through the ultrasonic unit and the circulating unit, the concentration distribution is uniform, the oxidation blackening effect of the surface of phosphor bronze is good, oxidation is more uniform and thorough, and the production efficiency is improved. And the ash falling phenomenon of the blackening layer is obviously improved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of tin-phosphor bronze belt production and processing, in particular to a tin-phosphor bronze belt annealing device which comprises a preheating box, a high-temperature box and a cooling box which are communicated with one another to form an annealing chamber. A conveying supporting net is arranged in the middle of the preheating box, the middle of the high-temperature box and the middle of the cooling box, a copper strip inlet is formed in one side of the preheating box, a copper strip outlet is formed in one side of the cooling box, and cleaning structures are arranged on the edge of the copper strip outlet and the edge of the copper strip inlet. The cleaning structures are arranged at the copper strip outlet and the copper strip inlet, so that metal attachments on the surface of the tin-phosphor bronze strip can be prevented from being integrated with the tin-phosphor bronze strip in the annealing process to form salient points, the tin-phosphor bronze strip cooled by water vapor can be cleaned, and the annealing efficiency is improved.

The utility model discloses a square cabin with high electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Conductive shielding cloth is adhered to the inner surface of each cabin plate of the square cabin; a metal gasket is arranged between the window and the cabin plate, and the metal gasket comprises silver-plated brass and a monel alloy woven wire mesh which are stacked in the direction from the cabin plate to the window; sealing grooves are formed in the door opening frame and the door frame of the cabin door, shielding sealing strips are filled in the sealing grooves, and each shielding sealing strip comprises a rubber core and a tin-plated phosphor bronze wire mesh wrapping the rubber core. On the basis that an original shelter structure is not changed or damaged, shielding effectiveness treatment is conducted on the assembling and matching positions of doors and windows of the shelter in a targeted mode, and therefore the overall shielding effectiveness of the shelter is improved.

An e-cigarette PV that includes an air pressure valve or device so that excess air can escape from an e-liquid reservoir in the PV when that reservoir is being filled under pressure with e-liquid from a parent reservoir. The valve or device is a barrier made of an air-porous material, such as a sintered polymer or metal, coated with or otherwise including a barrier or layer of an air-porous substance that is not porous to e-liquid, such as an oleophobic material or a hydrophobic or super-hydrophobic material. The oleophobic material is one of: sintered phosphor bronze, sintered stainless steel and sintered PU plastic.

The application discloses a kind of air cushion furnace annealing tin phosphor bronze rate prediction method, belong to metallurgical field.The method is by the tin phosphor bronze to be annealed in rolling and placed in muffle furnace to carry out simulation annealing treatment, subsequently the simulation parameter obtained is calculated to obtain the annealing rate required when the batch tin phosphor bronze is annealed in air cushion furnace, the prediction method result is accurate, and tin phosphor bronze can realize the expected hardness after using the prediction result to carry out annealing treatment in air cushion furnace, significantly reduce production energy consumption and raw material cost.