The invention discloses a visual detection kit for wheat pathogenic fungi, and belongs to the field of molecular detection. The kit comprises a sample pretreatment part, a probe identification part, a detection result visualization part and a data management part; a heating extraction method is adopted for the sample pretreatment part, and the time is within 5 min; DNA double strands embedded with silver ions are adopted as a detection probe; The visual result is composed of a test paper reaction tank, a smart phone signal acquisition and a monitoring data management cloud webpage. The detection principle is based on replacement of mismatched chains by pathogenic bacteria RNA, release of silver ions, inactivation of urease and prevention of urea decomposition, and the paper-based chip is yellow under the action of phenol red , otherwise the color is red. The kit can be used for simultaneously screening a plurality of common wheat pathogenic bacteria diseases including stripe rust, root rot, fusarium graminearum and the like. The amount of RNA of puccinia striiformis can be calculated through an image management webpage according to a test result, the number of viable bacteria of pathogenic bacteria is estimated, the wheat disease infection condition is accurately judged, and the accuracy, stability and convenience of wheat disease detection are further improved.