The invention discloses an enhanced 10kV overhead insulated wire partial discharge inspection device and an inspection method. The device comprises an ultrasonic sensor, an ultrahigh frequency antennasensor, an ultrasonic amplification filter circuit, an ultrahigh frequency amplification filter circuit, a detection circuit, a dual-channel A/ D converter, an ARM microprocessor and a memory card. The device mainly aims at the problems of poor anti-interference capability and low efficiency of a single ultrasonic detection device, the ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor is additionally arranged,and overhead wire partial discharge detection is realized in two detection modes of ultrasonic and electric signals. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic and ultrahigh frequency detection information is utilized, so that common electromagnetic interference and ultrasonic interference can be avoided, and the anti-noise capability of the system is improved. In addition, according to the arrival time differenceof the ultrasonic and ultrahigh frequency pulse signals, the distance between the defect position and the detection point can be obtained, a new reference is provided for defect positioning, and thedefect searching efficiency is improved.