The invention belongs to the technical field of coal coking wastewater application, and particularly discloses an efficient solid-liquid separation device. The device comprises a circular barrel, a conical discharging shell, a solid outlet, a feeding opening, a guide cylinder, a plurality of vertical partition plates, overflow teeth, a hopper, a solid settling pipe, an overflow opening, a liquid delivery opening and the like. The efficient solid-liquid separation device has the beneficial effects that the design structure is reasonable, high-efficiency separation of a solid-liquid mixture is realized, the solid-liquid ratio of the solid-liquid mixture at an outlet is greatly improved, when impurities influencing the product purity in a system are enriched, mother liquor can be effectively discharged, the mother liquor is prevented from carrying more products to enter a later stage for treatment, the recovery rate of the product is improved, and the treatment cost of the carnallite is reduced.