The invention discloses a negative pressure ambulance used to prevent nosocomial infection, containing car body, hermetic board cabin connected with car body chassis, control device; the hermetic board cabin is consisted of nose functional cabin and medical afterhold; the nose functional cabin is the flow direction of air controlling cell, the medical afterhold contains cabin air inlet chamber, cabin exhaust chamber, also a medical equipment in cabin; the medical afterhold sets closable port; the cabin air inlet chamber of medical afterhold and air mixing chamber of nose functional cabin can be connected, the cabin exhaust chamber of medical afterhold and the air filtration disinfection chamber can be connected. The air flow of hermetic board cabin has three kinds of state, the air in cabin can all realize directional airflow and pressure gradient. This car can be used as normal ambulance, high pathogenic infectious patient ambulance, various diseases checking car, mobile p3 lab, carrier vehicle of biological bacteria danger foe things; it can be asepsis operation car after switching, high infectivity, strong virulence weapon battlefield command, arm carrying car.