The invention discloses a high-pressure-bearing combined type steel structure and a welding method. The high-pressure-bearing combined type steel structure comprises a base, a mounting base, a supporting column and a top plate, wherein the base is of a groove-shaped structure, a movable mechanism is fixedly mounted in the base, the mounting base is fixedly mounted at the top of the movable mechanism, and box bodies are symmetrically mounted at the two ends of the top of the mounting base. According to the structure, the top plate descends due to pressure, second springs are compressed, telescopic rods compress lifting springs, first wedge blocks descend to be in contact with second wedge blocks, the second springs and the lifting springs continue to be compressed, the top plate continues to descend, the first wedge blocks and the second wedge blocks cooperate with each other, then the first wedge blocks push the second wedge blocks to slide horizontally, the second wedge blocks drive limiting blocks to move through fourth movable rods, and the first springs are compressed. Under the combined action of the lifting springs, the first springs and the second springs, step-by-step buffering is carried out, so that the pressure-bearing performance of the steel structure is improved.