The invention discloses a novel efficient pulverized coal combustion device, which comprises a bottom frame, a hearth, a stable combustion chamber, an air powder adjusting mechanism, a fan, an ignition device and an electric control system, wherein the air powder adjusting mechanism is sequentially provided with an outer direct flowing air flue, a cyclone passage, an inner direct flowing air flue, a pulverized coal air flue and a central pipe from an outer layer to an inner layer; the fan is communicated with the outer direct flowing air flue, the cyclone passage and the inner direct flowing air flue; and a direct flowing blade is arranged at the outlet end of the outer direct flowing air flue, a cyclone blade is arranged in the cyclone passage, a plurality of direct flowing blades are uniformly arranged at the outlet of the inner direct flowing air flue, the central pipe is conical at the outlet position, a plurality of bent blades are uniformly arranged at the outlet of the pulverized coal air flue, and the inner edges of the bent blades are matched with the conical shape of the end of the central pipe. The device has the characteristics of compact structure, full combustion of pulverized coal, high coal adaptability, long service life and convenience in ignition, and can meet various heating requirements in the road building industry.