56results about How to "Maintain porosity" patented technology

A method for the recovery of upgraded oil from an oil-bearing formation is provided wherein a hot gas phase fluid comprising steam is brought into contact with a heavy oil reservoir, such as by injection, and the hot fluid heats at least a portion of the reservoir to a temperature high enough for steam cracking, and subsequently the steam is reacted with the heavy oil to produce steam cracked lighter oil.

The present disclosure relates to a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, and more particularly, to a cathode active material, which is used for a lithium secondary battery and is prepared to include a mixture of particles with different particle sizes and thereby to have an improved tap density. At least one particle of the mixture of the particles is provided to have a gradient in internal concentration.

Provided is a porous multilayer filter which can trap ultrafme particles and in which permeability is high and treatment can be performed at a high flow rate. A porous multilayer filter is characterized by including a support layer 2 composed of a porous expanded PTFE sheet, and a filtration layer 3 composed of a porous expanded PTFE sheet which is different from that of the support layer 2, wherein at least a liquid-to-be-treated inflow surface of the filtration layer 3 is subjected to hydrophilization treatment, the filtration layer 3 and the support layer 2 are fusion-bonded to each other at a boundary therebetween to form a multilayer structure, pores of the support layer 2 three-dimensionally communicate with pores of the filtration layer 3, and pores surrounded by a fibril skeleton of the filtration layer 3 are smaller than pores of the support layer 2.

A method for manufacturing separators includes (S1) treating at least one of the laminating surfaces of two porous substrates by corona discharge and laminating the porous substrates, (S2) preparing a slurry containing inorganic particles dispersed therein and a solution of a binder polymer in a solvent, and coating the slurry on both surfaces of the laminate of the porous substrates, and (S3) delaminating the coated laminate of the porous substrates. According to the method, two separators can be simultaneously manufactured with enhanced productivity. In addition, corona discharge can reduce damage to the surfaces of the porous substrates during lamination while maintaining the porosities of the porous substrates. Therefore, excellent performance of electrochemical devices using the separators can be ensured.

A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell, and a method of making the same, the MEA including: an electrolyte membrane; binder layers including a sulfonated polysulfone-clay nanocomposite, and a tackifier, disposed on opposing sides of the membrane; and electrodes including electrode catalytic layers, disposed on the binder layers.

The invention discloses a polymer porous microsphere, and a preparation method and applications thereof. A carbon sphere, and a preparation method and applications thereof are also disclosed. The carbon sphere is prepared from the polymer porous microsphere. An ultra-black material composition, and a ultra-black material prepared from the same and applications are disclosed as well. The ultra-black material composition includes the carbon sphere. As a linear polymer containing groups like halogen and hydroxy and having no heteroatom on a main chain has high degree of crystallinity and abundantcrystal types, the morphology of the obtained microsphere is also special, and a composition structure can include a sheet structure, a bicontinuous structure and a fibrous structure. The morphologyof the polymer porous microsphere can maintain unchanged through carbonization, so that the prepared carbon sphere can well maintain the morphology structure and porosity of the polymer porous microsphere; and a graphite structure with multiple defects can be formed during carbonization, so that the pore canal structure can be more abundant, and especially, the volumes of micropores can be greatlyenhanced.

A composite material is provided including a phosphor material of at least one of among hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide or zirconium oxide as a conformal coating on a porous substrate, the composite characterized as exhibiting photoluminescence at room temperature. Also provided is a composite material including a phosphor material of at least one of among hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, zinc oxide or zirconium oxide as a conformal coating on a porous substrate, the composite characterized as exhibiting photoluminescence at room temperature and as having a broad emission spectrum having a width at ½ maximum greater than 80 nm.

Light weight acoustic carpet including porous carpeting backed by a primary sound reducing layer and localized secondary insulators for use within vehicles, and methods of making same, are provided. A porous carpet structure including a carpet backing is heated to achieve a fluid or semi-fluid state and then subjected to intense vacuum to draw air through the carpet backing to create a porous structure. A layer of sound absorbing or insulating material may be applied to the porous carpet structure to provide improved acoustic properties. Secondary sound reducing absorbers/insulators may further be included as part of the molding process to provide selected areas of increased thickness and provide tailoring of sound attenuation.

The invention relates to an isolated waterproof polymeric nanomembrane comprising pores of different geometric shapes and of a controlled size between 10 and 1000 nm, which is larger than the thickness of the membrane, and a method of producing the same comprising the process steps a. Providing a sacrifice layer on a surface of a solid support; b. Providing a polymerized layer of less than 1000 nm thickness on the surface of the sacrifice layer, by depositing a mixture of a polymer or a polymer precursor with a geometrically undefined pore template which is larger than the thickness of the polymerized layer, optionally followed by polymerization and/or crosslinking; c. Removing the pore template to obtain the polymerized layer with a controlled pore size; and d. Removing the sacrifice layer, thereby separating the solid support from the polymerized layer.

A method is for use with subterranean formations, such as oil and/or gas reservoirs. In some examples (e.g., production examples), the method improves the production from that formation. Some of the examples of the method describe selecting both an exertive force (e.g., a pressure) to apply at a wellbore, but together with a drawdown pressure at the wellbore to modify operations (e.g., improve production) at that subterranean formation. The selection of one or both of the exertive force and drawdown pressure may be based on the downhole environment at that wellbore, which can include the porosity and/or permeability of a near-wellbore formation radially surrounding a wellbore. The exertive force and drawdown pressure may be specifically selected to modify the porosity and/or permeability of the near-wellbore formation.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil. The soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of yellow humate, 12-18 parts of black humate, 6-12 parts of soybean straw ferment, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 0.01-0.08 part of a nitrification inhibitor, 0.6-2.4 parts of microbial flora, 10-20 parts of vermiculite and 2.8-5.6 parts of a water retention agent. The acid activated expanded vermiculite added into the soil conditioner has a relatively big specific surface area and can effectively adsorb water manures in soil and promote the content of the water manures in the soil; the yellow humate and the black humate added in the soil conditioner are used together and can effectively maintain the looseness of the soil to avoid soil hardening; the soybean straw ferment and the wheat bran added in the soil conditioner can provide an energy source for microbes in the soil and improve the content of beneficial microbes in the soil, thereby improving the properties of the soil.

A catalyst layer (20) for a fuel cell and to a method suitable for producing the catalyst layer (20). The catalyst layer (20) includes a catalyst material (22) containing a catalytic material (24) and optionally porous carrier material (23) on which the catalytic material (24) is supported. The catalyst layer also includes mesoporous particles (21) made from hydrophobic material.

The present invention refers to an electrodeposition process of nickel-cobalt coatings (2), from aqueous solutions containing nickel and cobalt salts, by applying a pulsed waveform in the cathodic current range. It also refers to nickel-cobalt coatings (2), obtained by this process in a substrate (1), having a dendritic structure (4) supported by a base-layer (3) at the interface with the substrate, and being thus mechanically stable. Such nickel- cobalt coatings (2) have application in energy storage and conversion areas.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) special dispersing agent by using durian peels. The method is implemented by taking durian peels as raw materials through the steps of carrying out uniform crushing and refining on the durian peels, extracting celluloses, and after carrying out etherification on the celluloses under alkaline conditions, obtaining hydroxypropyl methyl celluloses; and the dispersing agent is used in combination with a polyvinyl alcohol dispersing agent. The dispersing agent disclosed by the invention can effectively keep the void ratio and particle size of PVC-structured particles, and solves the compatibility problem in the process of PVC processing, so that the processing viscosity of PVC can be reduced, and the processing and molding of materials can be facilitated.

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of buildings, and discloses a high-strength wear-resisting water permeable brick. The high-strength wear-resisting water permeable brick is preparedby the following raw materials: 64-66 parts of casting used sand, 37-39 parts of waste ceramic, 23-25 parts of volcanics, 15-17 parts of zeolite powder, 6-8 parts of sepiolite powder, 5-7 parts of cement, and 4-6 parts of modified yellow cement gum. The provided high-strength wear-resisting water permeable brick is extensive in raw material source, low in price, simple in preparation process, high in strength, strong in abrasive resistance, and capable of avoiding the surface of the water permeable brick from generating damaging and slag-falling phenomena, and apparently prolonging service life. Waste ceramic is smashed, and added to hydrochloric acid solution for soaking, and high-temperature heating is performed, a porous structure of the waste ceramic is increased, and water permeability and water-retaining property of the water permeable brick are improved. Smashed volcanic particles are larger, integrity of the porous structure thereof can be kept, and abrasion resistance of thewater permeable brick can be improved, a smashing phenomenon is avoided from being generated after the water permeable brick is used for a period of time.

A system for intercepting, treating and venting vapors from contaminated groundwater includes a borehole that extends into the groundwater and has an open top end, a porous liner against the outer wall of the borehole and porous fill material inside the liner. The fill material can include materials to retard and degrade contaminants in the vapors. The system can include a slotted aeration tube in the borehole, vegetation planted in the open end of the borehole, impermeable sections in the liner, and impermeable ground cover around the top end of the borehole. A method for intercepting, treating and venting of vapors from contaminated groundwater includes the system and pulling vapors out the top end of the borehole with variations in atmospheric barometric pressure.

An assembly for fixating a prosthesis in body tissue such as bone of a mammal, comprising a mechanical compacting device and a mass comprising at least granules of a biocompatible material having a sponge-like structure, wherein the mechanical compacting device is designed for compacting the granules during use by insertion of the device in a hole in bone and subsequently inducing relative movement of at least a first part of the compacting device relative to a second part thereof, such that the volume of at least one space between at least part of an outer surface of the device and the adjacent inner surface of said hole is reduced.