The invention discloses a plant anatomical observation and micro-distance photographing box, which comprises a box body, wherein the box body includes a first bottom plate, a second bottom plate, a left side plate, a right side plate, a first background plate, a second background plate, a first top plate and a second top plate; the first bottom plate, the second bottom plate, the left side plate,the right side plate, the first background plate, the second background plate, the first top plate and the second top plate are combined together to form a hollow rectangle with the front end being open, the first bottom plate, the second bottom plate, the left side plate, the right side plate, the first background plate, the second background plate, the first top plate and the second top plate are all manufactured by overlapping four layers of square panels, the four layers of square panels are rotatably connected by knobs located at the end corners of the square panels; and the left side plate, the right side plate, the first top plate and the second top plate are all provided with a plurality of LED lamps.