The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, and provides a preparation method of a VN19 vanadium-nitrogen alloy. According to the preparation method, powdery vanadium oxide, silicon dioxide powder, a carbonaceous reducing agent, iron powder and a binder are mixed and then sequentially subjected to ball pressing, drying, vacuum carbonization reduction and nitridation, and the VN19 vanadium-nitrogen alloy is obtained. The silicon dioxide powder is added into the raw materials, the silicon dioxide powder is reduced, and silicon nitride is generated in the nitriding process, so that the nitrogen content of a product is increased. According to the preparation method, carbonization reduction is carried out under the vacuum condition, nitridation is carried out under the high nitrogen pressure, and the VN19 vanadium-nitrogen alloy can be efficiently and rapidly prepared in an energy-saving mode. Furthermore, the trend of nitrogen gas flow in the nitriding process is optimized, and a weak cooling and strong cooling subsection cooling mode is adopted in the cooling process, so that the nitrogen content of the product is increased, heat energy is fully utilized, and the preparation cost is reduced.