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151results about How to "Raise the level of reliability" patented technology

Transmission line inspection system based on multi-rotor unmanned aircraft

The invention discloses a transmission line inspection system based on a multi-rotor unmanned aircraft, which comprises the multi-rotor unmanned aircraft and a ground support system, wherein the multi-rotor unmanned aircraft comprises an aircraft body, an airborne flight control system, an airborne task system and an airborne power supply for supplying power to all the electronic devices; the aircraft body comprises a body, an undercarriage fixedly connected below the body, and a plurality of rotor components which are symmetrically distributed on the periphery of the body; the airborne flight control system comprises a flight navigation and control part, a transmission line anti-collision warning and control part, and an airborne end used for remotely controlling a telemetry data chain; the airborne task system comprises a damping nacelle, an image acquiring device arranged on the damping nacelle, and the airborne end for a wireless image transmission chain; and the ground support system comprises a ground end for remotely controlling the telemetry data chain, a flight monitoring system, the ground end for a wireless image transmission chain, and an image monitoring system. The transmission line inspection system has a reasonable structure, is easily realized, and has high engineering application value.
Owner:NANJING UNIV OF AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS

Server device condition maintenance system

ActiveCN103617110ASupport statusSupport decision makingForecastingHardware monitoringHealth conditionFailure causes
The invention provides a server device condition maintenance system comprising a feature acquisition module, a server condition estimation module, a server condition diagnosis module, and a server decision recommendation module. The feature acquisition module is used for acquiring condition features of a server and warning messages in regular time. The server condition estimation module is used for estimating health condition of the server according to the condition features of the server and the warning messages so as to obtain the level of the health condition of the server. The server condition diagnosis module is used for judging causes for the fact that the health condition of the whole server significantly degrades or analyzing failure causes and failure parts of the server, according to current and historical condition features of the server, when the server condition estimation module judges that the health condition of the server is abnormal. The server decision recommendation module is used for providing decision recommendations for the maintenance of the server, according to the failure causes and failure parts judged by the server condition diagnosis module, when the server condition estimation module judges that the health condition of the server is abnormal.
Owner:STATE GRID CORP OF CHINA +3

Systematic control method for repair based on condition of electricity transmission equipment

The invention discloses a systematic control method for repair based on condition of electricity transmission equipment, which divides the repair based on condition of an electricity transmission system into two steps, i.e. the collection of the electricity transmission equipment information and the formulation of a strategy for systematic repair based on condition, wherein the collection of the electricity transmission equipment information comprises the collection of the equipment condition information and the collection of the operating information of the electricity transmission system; and the formulation of the strategy for systematic repair based on condition comprises the following steps: firstly, forming a basic database of the repair strategy, solving by adopting the control algorithm of a repair based on condition system, and checking and outputting to obtain an optimum repair arrangement strategy. The method provided by the invention can reduce the blindness in the repair course, avoids the insufficient repair, comprehensively balances the purposes of enhancing the service life of the equipment and improving the reliability of the system in the repair period, arranges the time interval and type of the repair of the electricity transmission equipment from the point of maximum integral benefit of the system, and enhances the economy and reliability of the repair arrangement of the system.
Owner:XI AN JIAOTONG UNIV

Reliability design optimization method for avionic device

The invention provides a reliability design optimization method for an avionic device. By means of the reliability design optimization method for the avionic device, the reliability index of the device can be practically and effectively promoted in the design stage. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps that three-dimensional digital prototype modeling is conducted according to an avionic device design scheme; on the basis of a three-dimensional digital prototype, environmental stress digital prototype modeling is conducted according to a device working load, an environmental load and design information relevant to device characteristics, and a model is corrected and verified; thermal environment stress, mechanical environment stress and the like of the avionic device are analyzed by referring to environmental conditions, environmental stress weak links of the device are searched, and corresponding avionic device design optimization is conducted; a fault physical digital prototype model is built, environmental stress analysis results are introduced to conduct device fault risk prediction, avionic device design optimization is conducted aiming at the reliability weak links occurring in the analysis process, and the reliability level of the avionic device is evaluated according to the optimized fault risk distribution situation.
Owner:10TH RES INST OF CETC

Hybrid type driving apparatus

An engine-driven generator G is concurrently used as a starter motor for an engine E that drives a working machine. A motor 25 for motive-power use is a driving source for the working machine to travel. The driving circuit 10 is commonly used between the starter motor G and the motor 25 for travel use. In a starting mode, with switches 35 and 36, the driving circuit 10 is connected to the starter motor G side to start the engine. After complete explosion of the engine, with the switches 35 and 36, the generator G is connected to a regulator 31, while the driving circuit 10 is connected to the motor 25 for travel use. As a result of this, while a battery 14 is electrically charged, the motor 25 for travel use is driven with the battery 14.
Owner:HONDA MOTOR CO LTD

Numerically-controlled machine tool residual life real-time prediction method

The invention belongs to the field of numerically-controlled machine tool life prediction and particularly discloses a numerically-controlled machine tool residual life real-time prediction method. The numerically-controlled machine tool residual life real-time prediction method comprises the following steps that a sensor signal during machining of a numerically-controlled machine tool is acquiredin real time and is preprocessed; the machining working condition is judged according to preprocessed signal data, and the machining process is divided into working subintervals according to different machining situations; tool damages produced in the working subintervals are accumulated to obtain accumulated tool damage indexes; real-time prediction of the residual life of a tool under the target working condition is achieved according to the accumulated tool damage indexes. The numerically-controlled machine tool residual life real-time prediction method does not need additional experimental platform erection and tool dismounting, does not affect normal machining of numerically-controlled machine tools, can achieve real-time prediction of the residual life of the numerically-controlledmachine tools and has the advantages of high prediction speed and accuracy rate.
Owner:HUAZHONG UNIV OF SCI & TECH +1

Electrical system for starting up aircraft engines

An electrical system (18, 20, 22) for starting an engine, the system comprising: an AC / DC rectifier (12) powered by an AC power network (14) to deliver a first DC voltage Vdc, and a DC / AC converter module (16) for delivering an AC voltage for starting the engine from said first DC voltage Vdc, the system comprising k n-phase inverters arranged in parallel (k>1) and each delivering power no greater than half a maximum power Pmax required for starting the engine, and the two power supply lines of each of the inverters are connected to an electronic protection device receiving the first DC voltage Vdc, and the n outputs of each of the inverters delivering the AC voltage for starting the engine via n respective series inductors.
Owner:SAFRAN ELECTRICAL & POWER

Film heat flux sensor and preparation method thereof

The invention discloses a film heat flux sensor and a preparation method thereof. The film heat flux sensor is characterized in that a high temperature-resistant film thermocouple array (thermopile) is prepared on the surface of a substrate by a micromachining technology; a thick heat barrier layer and a thin heat barrier layer are arranged on the high temperature-resistant film thermocouple array; and through sensing the difference between temperatures under the thick heat barrier layer and the thin heat barrier layer, the film heat flux sensor can measure a heat flux according to the height difference of the thick heat barrier layer and the thin heat barrier layer. The film heat flux sensor can measure heat fluxes of middle and outer layer materials of a high-speed aircraft in flight and provides data reference for a heat protection design. The preparation method has simple processes and a reliable structure.
Owner:48TH RES INST OF CHINA ELECTRONICS TECH GROUP CORP

Multi-Node Synchronous On-Site Test Method

A multi-node synchronous on-site test method, the method comprising: using GPS time as time reference, and conducting synchronous on-site tests on the devices to be tested and systems distributed at different places at an appointed time; controlling the synchronous phase control simulation devices distributed at multiple nodes via a synchronous test control center; within a uniform time section, synchronously outputting secondary side AC simulation signals, and simulating various actual operating conditions, thus achieving the detection of the monitoring and control performances of various dynamic monitoring and control systems, and ensuring the normal functions of the systems. The method of the present invention is able to conduct multi-node dynamic simulation test with synchronized GPS time, and achieves the detection of large-area multi-node monitoring and control systems. The present invention is suitable for the test of a wide area measurement system (WAMS) function, the simulation test of a damping control function, the simulation test of transiently stable state analysis and control functions, the simulation test of voltage stabilization and control functions, the simulation test of an islanding control function, the simulation test of wide area protection system functions and the like.
Owner:ELECTRIC POWER RES INST STATE GRID JIANGXI ELECTRIC POWER CO

System for verifying distance measurements

A first device (110) for distance measurement via wireless communication (130) uses a ranging protocol for determining a distance (140) to a second device (120) via a round trip time measurement, wherein first time data represents the round trip time and second time data represents a response time between receiving a request and sending a corresponding acknowledge. The second device receives the round trip time and determines the distance. The first device determines third time data by subtracting from the first time data a calculated travelling time of the messages between the first device and the second device based on the determined distance, and determines identifier data indicative of hardware and / or software present in the second device. The device then obtains, from a database based on the identifier data, a reference interval value, and verifies whether the determined distance is reliable by comparing the third time data to the reference interval value.
Owner:KONINKLJIJKE PHILIPS NV

Large-scale interconnected power grid spinning reserve risk assessment method based on state space division method

The invention provides a large-scale interconnected power grid spinning reserve risk assessment method based on a state space division method Along with the appearance of a large-scale interconnected power grid, the quantity of elements of a power grid system is sharply increased, and the network scale is further complicated, thus the traditional reserve risk assessment method cannot meet the development requirements of the large-scale interconnected power grid, has the problems of curse of dimensionality in the aspect of state selection and inability of assessment in the aspect of state analysis, and can be influenced by transmission capacity restraint of area connecting lines. In the invention, the system state is selected by using a state space division method and analyzed by using a load reduction technology based on linear programming, thus the method better solves the problems of huge system scale and transmission capacity restraint of the area connecting lines in the spinning reserve risk assessment, realizes the quick and precise calculation of a spinning reserve risk index of the large-scale interconnected power grid, can provide real-time system spinning reserve information for personnel of a dispatching system, is beneficial for the dispatching personnel to taking effective measures in time, improves the reliability level of the system, and reduces the power-off risk of the system.
Owner:CHINA ELECTRIC POWER RES INST +1

System for evaluating automobile use reliability and method thereof

ActiveCN107085768AThe use of reliability evaluation is flexible, fast and extensiveBig amount of dataResourcesManufacturing computing systemsSingle vehicleDependability
The invention discloses a system for evaluating the automobile use reliability and a method thereof. An automobile electronic health record system is utilized, and the use reliability of the vehicle model is evaluated through mining, collection, retrieval, processing and analysis of big data so as to obtain the relatively objective and accurate evaluation conclusion. The applied data include vehicle information which includes the vehicle VIN code and the license plate number; maintenance record information which includes maintenance items, fault description, maintenance parts and maintenance mileage; and maintenance enterprise information. The fault data are classified and then a single vehicle cumulative equivalent fault number change curve along with the mileage and a reliability index calculation result are obtained, and then comparative analysis is performed on the reliability index calculation result and the reference data so as to determine the use reliability level of the target vehicle model.
Owner:RES INST OF HIGHWAY MINIST OF TRANSPORT

An accurate investment planning method for medium-voltage distribution network under the environment of electric transformation

The invention provides an accurate investment planning method for medium-voltage distribution network under the environment of electric transformation, which comprises the following steps: dividing apower supply grid and a power supply unit; distribution network diagnosis; Forecast load distribution; classification and division of supply area in planning area; planning area substation optimization planning; constructing the target grid of medium voltage distribution network; constructing medium voltage distribution network frame in transitional year; Investment Estimation and Electrical Calculation Analysis of Planning Scheme; carry out power flow calculation, short-circuit current calculation and quantitative analysis of power supply safety for the planning area.
Owner:STATE GRID CHONGQING ELECTRIC POWER

Stochastic production simulation method based on pumped storage power station correction time sequence load curve

ActiveCN107910883AIncrease reflectionAlleviate the problem of difficult peak shavingAc network load balancingPower stationElectric power system
The invention discloses a stochastic production simulation method based on a pumped storage power station correction time sequence load curve. According to the method, according to historical data, anevaluation index for the new energy output is constructed, and an appropriate output scene is selected; a medium and long term optimization scheduling model of a pumped storage power station is constructed by taking the lowest volatility of an unbalanced power curve as a target; and by adopting a time sequence load curve correction method, the stochastic volatility of new energy power generationand the output time sequence characteristic of the pumped storage power station are reasonably considered, and the significant defect that in a traditional stochastic production simulation method, consideration on the new energy and the output time sequence characteristic of the pumped storage power station is insufficient is effectively solved. The practical stochastic production simulation method improved on the basis of the time sequence load correction method is particularly suitable for medium and long term reliability analysis and economy evaluation of an electric power system containinga high-proportion renewable energy source power station and the pumped storage power station.
Owner:ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, CHINA SOUTHERN POWER GRID CO LTD +1

Implantable medical balloon and valve

A medical balloon, implantable in human tissue, of unitary silicone construction. The balloon is self-sealing upon removal of an inflation implement. The balloon device comprises a molded valve portion which is dip-coated in a silicone dispersion to create a balloon wall around and integral with the valve portion. Preferably, both the valve portion and the balloon wall are comprised of the same silicone material. The dipping process, combined with a vulcanizing process, creates a laminar wall which is strong and resistant to separation during inflation. The balloons may be used in for the treatement of urinary incontinence or vesicoureteral reflux, alternative procedures such as emboliztion or blocking of veins or arteries to accomplish the treatement of enlarged blood vessels in the brain or for treating severe uterine bleeding.
Owner:BOSTON SCI SCIMED INC

Method for reliability evaluation of full voltage classes

The invention relates to a method for reliability evaluation of full voltage classes. The method for reliability evaluation of full voltage classes comprises the steps that a power grid topology is analyzed, a power grid is divided into a power generation system, a power transmission system, a transformer substation main connecting wire and a power distribution system, reliability evaluation is conducted on the power generation system and the power transmission system when the power generation system and the power transmission system are in full load condition, the node reliability indexes of the power generation system and the power transmission system are taken as equivalent source parameters of the power distribution system, a transformer substation main connecting wire equivalent model is established and added to the power distribution system, the reliability index of the power distribution system is determined according to the minimum cutest method, and the reliability index of the full voltage classes is determined finally. By the adoption of the method for reliability evaluation of full voltage classes, reliability evaluation of the full voltage classes can be achieved, and the level of reliability evaluation of a power system is increased.
Owner:贵州电网公司电网规划研究中心 +1

Method for analyzing and optimizing reliability cost/benefit precision of power supply

The invention belongs to the field of an electric power system, in particular relating to a method for analyzing and optimizing the reliability cost / benefit precision of power supply. In the method, when a distribution network plan is carried out with the improvement of power supply reliability as a target, a reliability cost / benefit analysis curve can be obtained during individual implementation of each measure through actually analyzing various reliability improvement measures by utilizing the method; then the curves corresponding to the various measures are combined to formulate a reliability optimized strategy in combination with various measures by utilizing a classical reliability cost / benefit precision analysis theory of power supply; a reliability optimized path is selected from the combined curve by utilizing the strategy and can be further analyzed into the actual investment of each optimized measure, and further an implementation scale required for each measure can be obtained; and finally, the implementation scale is put into a specific scheme by combining the actual condition of a distribution network.
Owner:CHINA ELECTRIC POWER RES INST +1

Power supply reliability-oriented secondary optimization evaluation model for reliability of power distribution network

InactiveCN103530816ARaise the level of reliabilityMake up for the inability to express frequency informationData processing applicationsGraphicsReasoning algorithm
The invention discloses a power supply reliability-oriented secondary optimization evaluation model for the reliability of a power distribution network. The evaluation model comprises a smallest isolation area sub-model, a failing area influence sub-model and a load area statistical sub-model, wherein a double-layer heterogeneous structure is adopted for each of the sub-models and the evaluation model, and comprises a probability layer and a frequency layer, which are used for calculating a power failure probability index and a power failure frequency index respectively, graphic structures of the probability layers and the frequency layers are the same, and a layer of graphic structure can correspond to two layers of data during model storage. According to the power supply reliability-oriented secondary optimization evaluation model for the reliability of the power distribution network, an intuitive graphical method, a solid probability theory basis and an effective reasoning algorithm are used for performing modeling and reliability analysis on the power distribution network.
Owner:STATE GRID CORP OF CHINA +2

Property assessing method based on instruction domain analyzing and of numerical control machine tool magazine

The invention belongs to the field of numerical control machine tools and discloses a property assessing method based on instruction domain analyzing and of a numerical control machine tool magazine. The method comprises the following steps that (a), pre-set parameters are input to generate a machining instruction; (b), total data of the machine tool is collected through a numerical control system; (c), through an instruction domain analyzing method, a property index of the tool magazine is obtained through calculation; and (d), the property index of the tool magazine is compared with a pre-set property standard, and different assessed results are stored and displayed. According to the property assessing method based on instruction domain analyzing and of the numerical control machine tool magazine, the data are directly collected through the numerical control system, additional hardware devices for datum collecting and transmitting are not needed, normal machining is not affected, deep excavating, efficient using and low cost of a numerical control machine tool instruction sequence are achieved, and the reliable level of the tool magazine is improved.
Owner:HUAZHONG UNIV OF SCI & TECH +1

Ni-Cr alloy thin film igniter with low ignition voltage and preparation method thereof

The invention discloses a Ni-Cr alloy thin film igniter with a low ignition voltage and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of a priming system. The Ni-Cr alloy thin film igniter with the low ignition voltage comprises a base; an isolating film is arranged on the base; an igniting element is arranged on the isolating film; the igniting element is provided with a bonding pad area of an igniter lead wire; and the igniting element is made of Ni-Cr alloy. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, the igniter is prepared by using a micro-machining technology. In the Ni-Cr alloy thin film igniter, the ignition is reliably realized at a lower ignition voltage; the ignition voltage is as low as 4.8 V / 10 muF and the ignition energy is as low as 100 mJ; and the shake-proof performance is good.
Owner:48TH RES INST OF CHINA ELECTRONICS TECH GROUP CORP

Distribution network reliability assessment method

ActiveCN107292502AAccurate and comprehensive reliability assessmentRaise the level of reliabilityResourcesEquivalent modelCluster analysis
The invention discloses a distribution network reliability assessment method. Through element reliability modeling, load modeling, system state selection, system state analysis, and reliability indexes, reliability of a distribution network is calculated, and reliability of the distribution network is effectively assessed. The method comprises: using an equivalent model of elements based on frequency and duration as foundation of element reliability modeling; using a bisection method clustering method to establish a load model, using a quick sort and clustering analysis method to establish a corresponding load model; using a state duration sampling method to determine element state and state duration time of elements or subsystems in given time, to obtain state and state duration time of a system, as system state selection; using an optimal load shedding model based on DC power flow as system sate analysis; reliability index comprehensive assessment including system severity index SI, system cut-down electricity quantity index BPECI calculation and parameter reliability sensitivity, and through a parameter perturbation method, finding an element which has high influence on system reliability.
Owner:南京软核科技有限公司

Film ablation sensor and manufacturing method thereof

The invention discloses a film ablation sensor and a manufacturing method thereof. The film ablation sensor comprises a base, a transitional layer arranged on the base and an ablation resistor arranged on the transitional layer, wherein the ablation resistor comprises a lead bonding pad region; the lead bonding pad region is connected with an adapter plate through a lead wire; a protection film is arranged on the ablation resistor; and a height adjusting hole is formed in the base. The film ablation sensor is prepared by adopting a micromachining technology. The manufacturing process for the film ablation sensor is simple and can meet different measurement precision requirements.
Owner:48TH RES INST OF CHINA ELECTRONICS TECH GROUP CORP

A method for mining a weak reliability link of a power distribution system based on multi-dimensional analysis

There is provided a method for mining a weak reliability link of a power distribution system based on multi-dimensional analysis. The method comprises the steps of power distribution network power failure event data collecting and cleansing, power distribution network power failure event data CUBE modeling, mined target-based power failure event data CUBE reconstructing, single-dimensional analysis on power failure event data CUBE, multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis on power failure event data CUBE and the like. The method for mining a weak reliability link of a power distribution system based on multi-dimensional analysis breaks through the limitation that the power failure event data is only used for reliability index statistics in the traditional management of reliability of the power distribution network, establishes a multi-dimensional model for the power failure event data itself to execute analysis, and mines the weak reliability link of the power distribution system from multiple perspectives and different hierarchies, thus enabling to effectively find regular features of influence factors on the power failure event of the power distribution network and where the weak reliability link of the power distribution network is, which can not only provide direct guidance for a production-management work of the power distribution network, such as grass-roots operation-maintenance and the like, but also provide a valuable decision basis for each level of management unit of the power distribution system.
Owner:天津天成恒创能源科技有限公司

Method for constructing dynamic relevant fault management system of airborne network

The invention discloses a method for constructing a dynamic relevant fault management system of an airborne network, and belongs to the technical field of electronic information. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, for a static physical structure of an airborne network system in a certain comprehensive test, constructing a product tree and a topological graph for a texted structure part; then, for a dynamic test process of the airborne network system in the comprehensive test, constructing a test item tree for the texted structure part; establishing a data model RI of the fault management system according to the product tree, the topological graph and the test item tree; then, for arbitrary two fault cases fi and fj in the data model RI, judging and determining the dynamic association information between the two fault cases fi and fj; and finally performing brightness display and storage on the topological graph. By adoption of the method disclosed by the invention, reference is provided for engineering technicians to intuitively discover weak links causing relevant faults easily and belonging business logic paths in the design and troubleshooting of avionics systems, and reference is also provided for purposeful reinforcement and improvement of the system.
Owner:BEIHANG UNIV

Power distribution network reliability quadratic optimization assessment method facing power distribution reliability

InactiveCN103559646ARaise the level of reliabilityMake up for the inability to express frequency informationData processing applicationsDistribution power systemElectric power distribution
The invention discloses a power distribution network reliability quadratic optimization assessment method facing power distribution reliability. According to the method, a power distribution network reliability quadratic optimization assessment model facing the power distribution reliability is utilized, a weak link of the system reliability can be identified by upwards inferring the system model from a system layer, and then power distribution network reliability quadratic optimization assessment is carried out. According to the assessment method, the degree of influence on the system reliability from an element or an element assembly is represented through posteriori off-stream probability index and off-stream frequency influence degree index quantification. The method comprises the steps that firstly, a power distribution network is divided into a plurality of standard submodules, and then modeling and integration are carried out on the submodules; secondly, primary assessment on the index of the system reliability is carried out based on the model, and loading points and the index of the system reliability are obtained. The power distribution network reliability quadratic optimization assessment method facing the power distribution reliability aims to indentify the weak link of the power distribution network reliability and seek for an approach to improve the level of the system reliability.
Owner:STATE GRID CORP OF CHINA +2

Reliability test verification system applied to radar microwave product

PendingCN110646770ARaise the level of reliabilitySolve the problem of insufficient reliability verificationWave based measurement systemsMicrowaveEconomic benefits
The invention discloses a reliability test verification system applied to a radar microwave product. According to the system, a temperature and humidity stress test subsystem and a vibration stress test subsystem are organically connected with a microwave anechoic chamber, a combined environment test capable of simulating temperature, humidity, vibration and other stress is set up, the problem that reliability verification of the product is insufficient because an existing test system cannot comprehensively test function and performance indexes of the radar microwave product is solved, a testverification means is provided for increasing the reliability level of the radar microwave product and meeting the new requirement of approaching practical examination, therefore, the development cycle of the product is shortened, and the system has huge economic benefit.
Owner:CHINA AEROSPACE STANDARDIZATION INST

Key circuit unit positioning method oriented to multiple input vectors

The invention relates to a key circuit unit positioning method oriented to multiple input vectors. Firstly, the circuit subnet table is read and analyzed, and the related quantities are initialized. Secondly, the initialization method of the critical weights of each circuit unit is constructed through the randomness strategy. Secondly, based on the gradient evolutionary strategy, an adaptive convergence algorithm for calculating the critical weights of circuit elements is designed. Then, based on the adaptive convergence characteristics of the proposed method and the weight relation, the key order of each circuit unit in the circuit structure is given. The invention not only ensures high positioning accuracy, but also has fast calculation speed.
Owner:ZHEJIANG UNIV OF TECH

Method for protecting the authenticity of an article from imitation and counterfeit

The method for protecting the authenticity of an article from imitation and counterfeit is characterized by the following. During the packaging process, a container label is affixed to the article, which container label comprises a national bank note having a serial number which is encoded with the aid of a cryptographic algorithm and is shown on the outer surface of the label as a verification code, which is decoded with the aid of cryptographic keys. The verification code is represented in the form of alphanumeric information or in the form of a two-dimensional QR barcode, wherein more than one verification code can be shown on the outer surface of the label.
Owner:MARINKIN DMITRI +1
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