A numerically controlled type hydraulic transmission system comprises a big gear, a high-sensitivity hydraulic motor, a servo encoder, a small gear, a lead screw, a spiral sliding block and an installation base, wherein the high-sensitivity hydraulic motor is connected with the lead screw through the big gear and the small gear, the high-sensitivity hydraulic motor drives the big gear to rotate, the small gear and the lead screw rotate along with the big gear, the lead screw is provided with the spiral sliding block which moves back and forth along the lead screw, the spiral sliding block is connected with a cutting tool, and the lead screw is movably connected to the installation base. The numerically controlled type hydraulic transmission system is characterized in that a dust guard is arranged on the outer edge of the lead screw and protects the transmission lead screw, and the servo encoder is installed at the tail portion of the lead screw and the installation base. The numerically controlled type hydraulic transmission system achieves programmable control and can change programs within the short time to meet the machining requirement of various products. The transmission torque is improved, the size of equipment is not increased, the valuable space of a factory building is saved for clients, and rapid and accurate stopping can be achieved when the equipment moves at a high speed.