The invention discloses an adjustable head-backward-leaning nasopharyngeal swab collection and examination chair, which relates to the field of medical instruments and comprises an auxiliary seat, and an auxiliary plate is arranged at the upper end of the auxiliary seat. By arranging the adjusting screw, the hinge sliding sleeve, the fixing rod, the adjusting rod, the upper hinge seat, the auxiliary plate and the connecting shaft, the auxiliary plate and the auxiliary seat form a qualified detected curve, then a detected person sits on the auxiliary seat, and then the sitting posture of the detected person is adjusted through the back cushion and the waist cushion arranged on the auxiliary seat; furthermore, the head of a detected person can automatically adapt to the interior of the groove formed in the auxiliary plate, the sitting posture of the detected person can be easily adjusted to be appropriate, the specimen collection process of medical staff is standardized, the situation that the detection result of the detected person is affected by the incorrect specimen collection process is avoided, and the detection efficiency is improved. And furthermore, clinical missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are avoided, and the risk of exposure infection of medical personnel and the sampling difficulty are reduced.