The invention discloses a direct real-time quantitative PCR method of a throat swab sample or a nasopharyngeal swab sample. The method comprises the following steps: (1) lysate and a PCR reaction solution are prepared; (2) the throat swab sample or the nasopharyngeal swab sample are added into a PCR amplification tube containing the lysate in the step (1), magnetic beads are added into the PCR amplification tube, and vibration, uniform shaking and mixing are carried out; (3) the PCR amplification tube in the step (2) is treated at a high temperature 80-100 DEG C for 10 minutes, cooling is carried out to a room temperature, and a reaction is carried out at 18-28 DEG C for 5-10 minutes; (4) the PCR amplification tube is instantly centrifuged and placed into a magnetic rack, after the magnetic beads are absorbed to one side of a magnetic rack, supernatant is sucked out; (5) the PCR amplification tube is added into a prepared PCR reaction solution, and the real time quantitative PCR reaction is carried out; the lysate comprises the following components 0-2M NaCl, 0-0.3% Triton-X and 0-0.2M KCl, the magnetic beads are hydroxyl magnetic beads sold on the market for extracting nucleic acid, the throat swab sample detection is rapid, simple, high-efficient and practical, nucleic acid extraction process and centrifuge and other equipment are not needed, operation processes are simplified, time and cost are saved, a large amount of samples can be processed, and during operation and detection, pollution is prevented.