51results about How to "Small product" patented technology

PCT No. PCT/EP97/06174 Sec. 371 Date May 11, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date May 11, 1999 PCT Filed Nov. 6, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/21734 PCT Pub. Date May 22, 1998A method of producing a micromechanical relay comprises the steps of providing a substrate including a conductive fixed electrode in or on said substrate. A sacrificial layer and a conductive layer are applied and the conductive layer is structured so as to define a beam structure as a movable counterelectrode opposite said fixed electrode. A contact area is applied, the conductive layer extending between an anchoring region and the contact area and being insulated from said contact area. Subsequently, the sacrificial layer is removed by means of etching so as to produce the beam structure comprising a movable area and an area secured to the anchoring region on the substrate. The beam structure is defined such that etch access openings in said beam structure are structured such that the size of the area covered by the etch access openings used for etching the sacrificial layer increases from the area of the beam structure secured to the substrate to the movable area of the beam structure so that the etching of the sacrificial layer is controlled in such a way that the portion of the sacrificial layer arranged below the movable area of the beam structure is etched faster than the portion of the sacrificial layer arranged in the area of the anchoring region.

A plate burner for combusting hydrogen with air as an oxidizer forms a wall portion of a combustion chamber for example of a gas turbine. The plate burner is so constructed that air and hydrogen are separately guided to the downstream surface area facing into the combustion chamber for forming a large number of diffusive microcombustion flames, thus achieving a very low mixing scale simultaneously with a high nixing intensity. The number of diffusive micorcombustion flames is so selected that the NOx content in the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber is at the most 10x10-6 cubic foot per cubic foot of exhaust gas. The hydrogen enters the entrance area into the combustion chamber either through a porous wall, and air is injected into the hydrogen environment to form inverse diffusive microcombustion flames or the hydrogen is injected through a multitude of fine holes into high velocity air jets forming regular diffusion flames. In both instances, the formation of NOx in the exhaust gas during combustion is reduced to the above level or below.

This invention relates to a type of loop heat conducting device, comprising an evaporator and a condenser which are connected together by means of a loop pipe, in order to form a cyclic loop for a liquid working medium, wherein the evaporator has a wick network core, and multiple tunnels are formed on the wick network core, and one end of the tunnels converges at a vapor chamber and is connected to a loop pipe to form a gaseous working medium outlet, and the terminal end of the pipe extends into and comes into contact with the internal part of the wick network core, and a compensation chamber for liquid working medium is formed on the upper section of the wick network core. Consequently, the cyclic loop that separates the gas and liquid enables the optimal heat dissipation capacity, and also has a structure that is simplified, thereby allowing for easy mass production.

Side emitting glass elements are provided that include a plurality of light guiding elements, which are inseparably connected to one another at their outer circumferential surfaces, and at least one scattering element. The scattering element is inseparably connected to the outer circumferential surface of at least one light guiding element. The light guiding elements have at least one glass with a refractive index n₁, wherein the individual light guiding elements are not enclosed by a cladding. A phase boundary is present between the light guiding elements through which the guided light can pass and to reach the scattering element.

A method for producing adenine compound (1):

wherein m and n are independently an integer of 2 to 5, R¹ is C_1-6 alkyl group, R² and R³ are the same or different, and hydrogen atom, or C_1-6 alkyl group, or R² and R³ are combined with an adjacent nitrogen atom to form pyrrolidine, morpholine, piperidine, piperazine, etc., and R⁴ is C_1-3 alkyl group,

which comprises a step of reacting compound (2):

and compound (3):

in the presence of a boron-containing reducing agent.

An autothermal reactor and method for producing synthesis gas in which a heated oxygen containing stream is expanded into a mixing chamber to entrain a hydrocarbon containing stream to form a reactant stream without reaction of the oxygen and hydrocarbon contents of the streams. The reactant stream is reacted in a series of sequential catalytic reaction zones to react the hydrocarbon and oxygen contained in the reactant stream to form the synthesis gas. The sequential catalytic reaction zones are configured such that an initial partial oxidation reaction occurs that is followed by endothermic reforming reactions having ever decreasing temperatures. The sequential catalytic reaction zones in which the endothermic reforming reactions occur contain a precious metal catalyst supported on ceramic supports that have successively greater surface areas to compensate for the temperature decrease while remaining stable and without a transform in state.

A charging apparatus has a movable image bearing member, a first charging member for charging the image bearing member, and a second charging member provided upstream of the first charging member with respect to the direction of movement of the image bearing member, the second charging member having an elastic rotary member rubbing against the image bearing member.

An OTDM-DPSK signal generator includes an optical splitter, a first and a second phase modulator, an optical coupler, and a monitor signal splitter. The optical splitter splits an optical pulse string into a first and a second optical pulse string. The first and second phase modulators generate a first and a second channel DPSK signal, respectively. The DPSK signals are provided with one bit delay to generate another DPSK signal, which enters the optical coupler, which outputs an OTDM-DPSK signal, which enters a monitor signal splitter. The monitor signal splitter splits from the OTDM-DPSK signal a monitor signal and inputs the monitor signal to an optical carrier phase difference detector. The detector generates an optical carrier phase difference detection signal as a function of an optical carrier phase difference between optical pulses. The optical carrier phase difference can thus be detected between optical pulses in an OTDM-DPSK signal.

Methods and apparatuses are disclosed that can introduce deliberate semiconductor film variation during semiconductor manufacturing to compensate for radial processing differences, to determine optimal device characteristics, or produce small production runs. The present invention radially varies the thickness and/or composition of a semiconductor film to compensate for a known radial variation in the semiconductor film that is caused by performing a subsequent semiconductor processing step on the semiconductor film.Additionally, methods and apparatuses are disclosed that can introduce deliberate semiconductor film variations to determine optimal device characteristics or produce small production runs. Introducing semiconductor film variations, such as thickness variations and/or composition variations, allow different devices to be made. A number of devices may be made having variations in semiconductor film. Because the semiconductor film has variations between the devices, device characteristics of the devices should be different. By measuring the device characteristics of devices having the variations, the device with the optimum device characteristic may be chosen, thereby indicating the appropriate semiconductor film thickness and/or composition. Moreover, small production runs of the same devices, having different characteristics, will allow the end user to select the appropriate devices for their needs.

To provide a piezoelectric pump including: a structure including a piezoelectric element and a support member that supports the piezoelectric element; and a first substrate and a second substrate that sandwich the structure, wherein the piezoelectric pump has: a pump chamber surrounded by the second substrate and the structure; and a first opening and a second opening that are communicated with the pump chamber, and wherein a space is provided so that the structure flexes in a direction opposite to the pump chamber according to an operation of the piezoelectric element.

The present invention relates to a navigational button including an actuating element which is displaceable at least in two directions and controls the navigation button. The present actuating element is arranged in a casing and performs an action on a communication element. A limitation element is disposed between the actuating element and the casing in such a way that it limits actuation efforts performed on the navigational button.

The invention provides alternatives to traditional polycondensation processes for preparing copolymers. For example, in certain embodiments, the invention provides a process that includes an extrusion step and a solid state polymerization step to prepare high molecular weight block copolymer with a “hard block” contributed by a macrocyclic polyester oligomer (MPO) and a “soft block” contributed by a dihydroxyl-functionalized polymer, an oligoether, and/or a dimerized fatty acid (i.e. a polyol). The invention also provides new copolymer compositions made possible by the new processes—for example, copolymers of higher molecular weight, copolymers with higher weight ratio of soft block units to hard block units, copolymers made with higher molecular weight polyol, and copolymers with hard block units that are themselves random copolyesters of units contributed by a MPO and a cyclic ester.

A method for producing an organic electroluminescence device of the present invention includes a laminating step of laminating a belt-shaped sealing substrate 5 on a belt-shaped supporting substrate 2 on which a plurality of organic EL elements 3 are formed while interposing an uncured thermosetting type adhesive layer 52, a winding step of winding a belt-shaped laminated body 11 having the belt-shaped supporting substrate 2, the organic EL elements 3 and the sealing substrate 5 into a roll, and a curing step of applying heat to the laminated body 11 to perform curing of the adhesive layer 52 while the laminated body 11 remains wound into a roll.

Spectral analysis system for capturing a spectrum with an optic that forms an optical path. The spectral analysis system is configured to apply a correction function to a captured spectrum so as to obtain a modified spectrum.

An integrated circuit plasma processing system, apparatus and method for reclaiming material, such as a plasma precursor and potentially useful components among their byproducts, from plasma-enhanced exhaust of a plasma process chamber for subsequent reuse in the chamber. The apparatus provides a recycle feedback loop for a plasma process chamber that provides the high purity materials necessary for microelectronic applications. Since the apparatus is in-situ, no byproducts that are not already present are possible. Accordingly, the apparatus guarantees purity of the recycled material. In addition to cost savings, the invention provides an environmentally friendly plasma process chamber and apparatus with very little production of waste.

The invention relates to a shear bar (20), in particular for a forage harvester or another agricultural or silvicultural machine, having a carrier (21) that comprises a cutting region (30); a plurality of cutting elements (31) being set alongside one another in the cutting region (30); the cutting elements (31) comprising a partial edge and at least some of the partial edges forming a cutting edge (32) that is embodied to form, with a knife bar, a cutting engagement for the material to be shredded; the cutting edge (32) forming a transition between a cutting surface (32.1) that is constituted by the cutting elements (31) and extends transversely to the cutting direction, and an exposed surface (32.2) that extends substantially in a cutting direction and indirectly or directly adjoins the cutting edge (32). A shear bar of this kind can be configured to be break-resistant with little complexity in terms of parts and manufacture if provision is made that an infeed element (34), which is embodied as a sintered part made of hard material having an infeed bevel (34.6) profiled on in the sintering process, is provided on or in the row of cutting elements (31); the infeed bevel (34.6) being carried over indirectly or directly into the cutting edge (32); and the infeed bevel (34.6) being arranged at a tilt with respect to the cutting edge (32) in such a way that it is arranged with a setback with respect to the exposed surface (32.2) and toward the cutting surface (32.1).