The invention discloses a high-voltage transmission line inspection robot with multiple motion modes, which comprises a box body, a front mechanical arm, a middle mechanical arm, a rear mechanical armand a control system, wherein the front mechanical arm, the middle mechanical arm and the rear mechanical arm are sequentially arranged above the box body at intervals from front to back, and all themechanical arms are telescopic mechanical arms; the rear mechanical arm and the front mechanical arm are the same in structure and oppositely arranged on the left and right sides of the high-voltagetransmission line; the lower ends of the front mechanical arm and the rear mechanical arm are rotationally connected with the box body, and first walking wheels are arranged at the upper ends of the front mechanical arm and the rear mechanical arm and driven by a first servo motor; the lower end of the middle mechanical arm is movably connected with the box body through a horizontal guide mechanism, and a second walking wheel is arranged at the upper end of the middle mechanical arm and driven by a second servo motor arranged on the middle mechanical arm to rotate. The robot has the advantagesof being high in inspection speed, high in climbing, straight line and corner obstacle crossing capacity, high in automation degree, good in gravity center stability and capable of guaranteeing rapidand smooth electric power inspection.