130results about How to "Reduce engineering risk" patented technology

A shield tunneling method combined with the shallow construction of the subway station construction method pertains to underground construction technology. The invention of the detailed construction methods as follows: 1) direct Shield Construction Terminal; 2) apply for soil pile around the shield tunnel lateral at a certain distance; 3) set up a temporary support columns in the shield tunnel, and apply for prestressed tightwire on the portrait of the canal slice; 4) use of shallow mining branch excavation intermediate platform / station office of the tunnel, apply for the initial support (or secondary lining); 5) grouting the soil side of the canal slice in the platform / station office of the tunnel; 6) excavate passengers evacuate horizontal channel that leading to shield tunnel, apply for the initial support; 7) remove the openings canal slice at the cross-channel, apply for secondary lining to retain the canal slice and cross-channel early support and secondary lining maintain good connection; 8) dismantle all the temporary support, apply platform board , complete the construction of the station. The invention can improve the quality of subway construction projects, reduce project costs, shorten the construction period.

The invention provides a high-temperature blocking and adjusting device and method for super-heavy oil reservoir steam flooding. The high-temperature blocking and adjusting device for super-heavy oil reservoir steam flooding comprises an injection device, a thermal-recovery steam injection well mouth, a nitrogen injection device and a steam injection device. The injection device is connected with the thermal-recovery steam injection well mouth for injecting gel solutions or foaming agent solutions, the nitrogen injection device is connected with the thermal-recovery steam injection well mouth and used for generating and injecting high-purity nitrogen, and the steam injection device is connected with the thermal-recovery steam injection well mouth and used for generating and injecting high-dryness steam. According to the high-temperature blocking and adjusting device and method for super-heavy oil reservoir steam flooding, gel and nitrogen foams are combined, comprehensive water content of a steam flooding well group can be obviously lowered, the gas oil ratio can be obviously improved, the high-temperature blocking and adjusting effect of a super-heavy oil reservoir can be greatly improved, and blocking and adjusting cost is saved.

The invention discloses a strongly-permeable stratum deep foundation pit bottom sealing water stopping structure, which comprises diaphragm walls, underwater plain concrete boards, reinforced concrete partition walls, uplift piles and inner supports, wherein the diaphragm walls are arranged around the foundation pit througgh casting; the inner supports support the diaphragm walls; the reinforced concrete partition walls are formed on the foundation pit below the diaphragm walls through casting; the reinforced concrete partition walls and the diaphragm walls of each two faces form a casting block in a surrounding mode on the foundation base; the uplift piles are casted on the foundation base inside the block; each underwater plain concrete board is formed through casting at each block opening formed by the reinforced concrete partition walls and the diaphragm walls in a surrounding mode; and the uplift piles are firmly embedded in the underwater plain concrete boards. The underwater plain concrete boards enhance overall strength and ridigity of the foundation pit bottom, dual effects of reinforced pit bottom and permeation prevention are provided, influences on stability of the pit bottom by high pressure water and raised pit bottom caused by excavation of the foundation pit can be effectively solved, and lateral displacement of the pit wall and settlement deformation of the surrounding enviornment can be well reduced.

The invention provides a reservoir stratum transformation method for cleaning steering material blocking a shot hole temporarily to form a fracture net. The reservoir stratum transformation method for the cleaning steering material blocking the shot hole temporarily to form the fracture net comprises the following steps that 1 fracturing fluid is injected into stratum; 2 active fluid is injected into the stratum; 3 acid liquor or the fracturing fluid is injected into the stratum; 4 carrying fluid containing with cleaning steering material fluid is injected into the stratum, and an artificial fracture fractured in the step 1 is blocked temporarily; 5 the carrying fluid containing with the cleaning steering material fluid is injected into the stratum, and the shot hole corresponding to the artificial fracture fractured in the step 1 is blocked temporarily; 6 the acid liquor or the fracturing fluid is injected into the stratum; 7 when deep transformation is needed, the steps 3 to 6 are repeated; 8 the fracturing fluid is used for replacing to achieve section fracture net transformation of the reservoir stratum. The reservoir stratum transformation method for the cleaning steering material blocking the shot hole temporarily to form the fracture net has the advantages that the section fracture net transformation can be achieved without a tool, the complexity degree of an underground tool is reduced, the engineering risk is reduced, the working difficulty is reduced, the working period is shortened, and the cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a method for reinforcing concrete structure by using prestressed fiber cloth. The fiber cloth anchorage and tension stressed region adopts a wedge structure which is opposite to the prestressing direction; the tensioning equipment using a simple structure with tension counterforce beams and tension rods has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and simple operation; and the anchorage and tension stressed region in the wedge structure enables the fiber cloth to be stressed uniformly in the process of tensioning and anchorage, and the fiber cloth can not be damaged when large tensioning force is applied, so that the fiber cloth reaches large longitudinal tensioning force without prestressing loss, thereby inhibiting the production and development of longitudinal cracks in concrete posts. The tensioning operation of the invention can do little damage to the original concrete structure, and thus, the invention can greatly save the construction cost, reduce the engineering risk and shorten the construction period, and has obvious technical and economic comprehensive benefits.

The invention relates to track traffic and tunnel categories, in specific to an arrangement structure of superdeep foundation pits in high pressure water areas; the structure adopts underground continuous walls (or drilling piles, drill biting piles and corresponding waterproof curtains) as enclosure structure, and inner supports (steel supports or concrete supports ) as support structures; during the course of foundation pit excavation, perform reverse execution on surrounding purlins, supports and side walls; through placing precast concrete beams or steel beams in seal concrete, the invention solves shortcomings in prior arts; the invention mainly has the following advantages: On one hand, the invention can avoid the diffuculty in penetration in execution of enclosure structure (in particular to waterproof curtains) when confined aquifers are rather thick and deep; on the other hand, the invention can also avoid all kinds of difficulties in pressure drop of pressure water. Therefore, the invention can save construction cost and lower construction risk at the same time of well protecting surrounding environments.

The invention relates to an auxiliary for a shield tunneling machine to reach a receiving position, and relates to an auxiliary receiving construction method. In the auxiliary device, a bottom framework is welded at the bottom of a barrel in a cylindrical shape, with a back end cap being a planar cap; an edge flange of the back end cap is connected with an end flange of the barrel through a bolt; a transitional connecting ring is connected with one end of the barrel opposite to the back end cap through a flange; the transitional connecting ring is used for being connected with a central portal plate; and the back end cap is provided with a material inlet-outlet gate, a pressure meter, and a grouting-discharging hole having a valve. A reaction frame of a back gauge positioning component is used for being welded with an embedded part in the construction site. An obliquely supporting element is located on one side of the reaction frame opposite to a sleeve, is supported by a rigid prefabricated element in the construction site, and presses against the reaction frame. Supporting columns are firmly supported among the reaction frame, the end of the barrel and the back end cap. A delivery pipeline of a filler component extends from the ground to a feed port on the upper side of the barrel; and the delivery pipeline is connected with the barrel by a flange.

The invention discloses a method for exploiting extra-heavy oil or super-heavy oil in a fireflood-assisted gravity oil drainage mode of horizontal wells. The method includes the steps that an injection-production well pattern is deployed for a selected extra-heavy oil and / or super-heavy oil reservoir; each vertical gas injection / ignition well in the well pattern corresponds to one or more horizontal production wells; gas injection and ignition are conducted on the vertical gas injection / ignition wells; after combustion is stable, the gas injection speed is raised gradually, the gas discharging speed is also raised as the gas injection speed is raised, the ratio of the total daily gas discharging amount of all the horizontal wells to the daily gas injection amount of the vertical wells is controlled to be 0.9-1.0; therefore, stable oil drainage production of all the horizontal wells is achieved. By means of the method, the engineering risks of firewire propelling and displacement, horizontal wellbore fire surging and the like existing in the fireflood-assisted gravity oil drainage process of horizontal wells in the prior art can be avoided, and safe and steady production is achieved.

The invention aims at providing a satellite-borne electronic equipment backboard which has expansibility, a double-redundancy support backboard class and high reliability. The satellite-borne electronic equipment backboard is realized through the following technical scheme: on a high-speed backboard, two data management modules are respectively arrayed at two sides of two data exchange modules in parallel by taking the two data exchange modules as centers, and at least three data and signal processing modules which extend to two ends are arrayed at two sides of the two data exchange module in parallel; in the length direction of an extension backboard, data signal processing modules corresponding to above modules in the aspect of quantity are arrayed in parallel; the data and signal processing modules and the data management modules are interconnected to carry out communication between the high-speed backboard and the extension backboard through data provided by the data exchange modules, and the data management module acquires and monitors the health information and state information of each module so as to uniformly control the operation state and parameters of each module.

The present invention belongs to the field of ship making technology, and is especially multiple-tower combining process for installing a gantry crane. The installation process includes the following steps: set several portal tower pairs beside the gantry crane and setting elevating oil cylinders in the tops of the portal tower pairs to form elevating points; setting long distance sensor and oil pressure sensor to each point, connecting the oil pressure sensors to the main control cabinet and the elevating oil cylinders to the pump station with proportional valve connected to the main control cabinet; setting some elevating point as the master control one and the others as the servo ones and setting oil cylinder position sensor and proportional valve in the master control point; and controlling the synchronous operations of all the elevating points with the main control cabinet until completing the installation process. The present invention has high safety and reliability.

The invention discloses a method for strengthening a concrete column by pre-stressed fiber cloth, using a tensioning device with a connecting-rod structure, which is capable of rapidly carrying out tensioning movement, and having the advantages of simple and convenient operation and high work efficiency. More particularly, the fiber cloth can obtain high enough tension and correspondingly, the concrete column can obtain high enough radial compressive pre-stress by applying smaller transverse tension, thereby achieving the purposes of strengthening the concrete column and preventing surface longitudinal cracks from being generated and expanded and reducing the requirements for the tensioning device and process. The tensioning device of the invention has the advantages that the stress of the fiber cloth is uniform and the tensioning effect is good during the tensioning process, and the damage of the tensioning operation to the original concrete structure is low; and the invention can greatly save the construction cost, reduce the construction risk and reduce the construction period. Therefore, the invention is of significant benefits to technology and economics in an overall manner.

The invention discloses an integrated immersed pipe section, an installing method thereof and an installing and closure method of the immersed pipe section. The integrated immersed pipe section comprises a standard immersed pipe section, and extension-type water joints in a closed ring shape are arranged at the two ends of the standard immersed pipe section. By using the integrated immersed pipe section, the immersed pipe section closed finally is still the standard immersed pipe section and needs the same foundation as a common pipe section, stiffness difference is avoided, the risk of differential settlement of pipe sections during operation of a subsea tunnel can be effectively reduced, the same installing equipment is used for installing the closed immersed pipe sections and the otherimmersed pipe sections, and a floating crane and other equipment do not need to be arranged additionally. Compared with the existing method, installation of a specially-made final joint is omitted, the construction process is simplified, and engineering risks are reduced; on-sea special construction equipment ship rent is very high, cost is reduced substantially by using the integrated immersed pipe section, and various resources are saved.

The invention discloses a minimum over-burden originating method for a shield tunnel. The method comprises the following steps of: reinforcing a shield originating section soil body with a method for combining earth covering back pressure, local full-section stratum reinforcing and gantry type stratum reinforcing to improve the stratum stability and the muddy water cleavage resistance of a top soil body; and reinforcing a stratum of a certain thickness on an opening with a freezing method to prevent slurry leakage, stratum instability, emergence of water and mud and the like in a muddy water cabin caused by soil body damage on a face, stratum looseness and the like after opening of a hole door during shield originating. Due to the adoption of the method, the problem of stability of an originating stratum under a minimum over-burden condition is solved, the construction risks of an originating working well and a deep foundation pit at an open excavation section are lowered simultaneously, and construction cost is lowered; and the method has good social and economic benefits.

The invention relates to a seawall construction method with top pipes penetrating through block stone, which comprises the following steps: 1, treatment of a block stone seawall: reinforcing the seawall section and grouting the seawall; and 2, penetration of the top pipes through a large embankment: setting the air pressure of an excavated compartment, removing large stone blocks, and constructing under the full air pressure to avoid collapse. By adopting the construction method, the top pipes can smooth penetrate through the block grouted embankment, the structure of the filling stones is loosen, and pores and clearances are filled with coarse sand and gravels. Meanwhile, when the top pipes are pushed into the area, the technical problems that the filled block stone layer cannot be balanced or compacted as a result of the air pressure, the upper block stones collapse when being removed, the collapsed funnel is formed, the seawall safety is threatened, and the seawall may be rejected can be solved, and engineering risks can be reduced.

The invention discloses a foundation pit supporting system for a subsurface structure close to a soft ground stratum and a construction method of the foundation pit supporting system. The foundation pit supporting system comprises front-row steel pipe piles, rear-row steel pipe piles, front-row pile crown beams, rear-row pile crown beams and transverse connecting steel bars; the front-row steel pipe piles and the rear-row steel pipe piles are distributed in parallel along the wall surface of the pit wall of the foundation pit and are distributed in a staggered manner along the vertical direction of the pit wall of the foundation pit; the front-row pile crown beams are arranged at the tops of the front-row steel pipe piles; the rear-row pile crown beams are arranged at the tops of the rear-row steel pipe piles; and the front-row pile crown beams are connected with the rear-row pile crown beams through the transverse connecting steel bars. The foundation pit supporting system requires no anchor rod, so that underground space occupation can be reduced substantially, and limited ground and space within a property line are used fully. Filling piles are replaced by the front-row steel pipe piles and rear-row steel pipe piles for supporting, and no curing is required, so that the construction period can be shortened effectively, the problem that filling pile equipment occupies a field and pollutes the environment is solved, the working efficiency can be improved effectively, the quality can be controlled, and the risk of a foundation pit project is reduced greatly.

The invention discloses an underground structure of a municipal pipeline group spanning tunnel and a construction method for the underground structure. The construction method is characterized in that the municipal pipeline group underground structure is excavated by adopting a construction method of strip-divided and block-divided pouring in a spacing manner, and a pipe section, which is assembled by a U-shaped slot prefabricated by reinforced concrete or a bottom plate and a cover plate, of a box-type structure is quickly hoisted, and bagged sand is piled up on the pipe section structure to compensate unloading caused by earth excavation, so that zero unloading during a pipeline mounting group construction period is realized, and heave deformation of an inferior subway tunnel is controlled. The specific construction of the construction method comprises the steps such as bracing of a foundation pit, earth excavation, pipeline mounting and the like. Compared with the prior art, the construction method controls the heave deformation of the pit bottom and the subway tunnel, has small influence on a surrounding environment, has high working efficiency and has low engineering risk, and is especially suitable for a soft soil area, so that environmental adverse effect caused by excavation of the foundation pit is reduced to be lowest, and the tunnel heave deformation caused by soil unloading is effectively controlled.

The invention provides a symmetric turnout for line rails No.4 and No.5 in urban rail traffic engineering. The turnout is arranged on a parking line rail of an underground line in an urban rail engineering, the structure of the symmetric turnout comprises a group of railroad switches, a group of frogs and a connecting steel rail, wherein the railroad switches are connected with the frogs by virtue of the connecting steel rail so as to form a symmetric turnout provided with two side rails. The symmetric turnout provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that the turnout ensures a subway and a light rail vehicle to travel safely between a main line and a parking line, related technical standards and safety requirements of the urban rail engineering are met, and the advantages of safety, reliability and convenience in manufacturing, paving, construction and maintenance are realized. By applying the symmetric turnout provided by the invention, turnout investment can be saved, and length of an auxiliary line can be obviously shortened, thus investment of a building project is greatly saved, construction difficulty is reduced, and project risk is reduced.

The invention discloses an arch seat anti-sliding stability safety calculation method for an arch dam, relates to the technical field of arch dam projects and solves the problems that a shear friction formula or pure friction formula is selected to perform arch seat stability analysis according to the level of an arch dam building, stress and damage characteristics of a sliding surface are not considered, and project risk or project diseconomy is caused by safety calculation result distortion in an existing method. The method includes the steps: firstly, determining a sliding mode of a slider as a double sliding mode or single sliding mode; secondly, determining the damage type of each loaded sliding resistance surface as anti-shearing-off damage or anti-shearing damage; thirdly, performing combination to obtain five damage types of the slider and calculating anti-sliding stability of the slider by selecting different formulas; finally, judging whether the slider is stable or not according to safety margin coefficient and evaluating arch seat anti-sliding stability safety. The method follows the basic principle of rock mechanics, deformation damage characteristics of the stressed slider are more really and accurately reflected, and accuracy of calculation results is higher.

The invention discloses a foundation pile-anchor supporting system for a close existing underground structure and a construction method of the system. The supporting system comprises front-row steel pipe piles, rear-row steel pipe piles, rear-row vertical prestressed anchors, a front-row pile top beam, a rear-row pile top beam, transverse connecting reinforcements, front-row anchorages, rear-row anchorages, cushion blocks, tapered iron pieces, front-row prestressed anchors and wales. Through the vertical prestressed anchors arranged in the rear-row steel pipe piles, occupancy in underground space can be reduced greatly, and limited ground surface and space within building lines are fully utilized. The vertical prestressed anchors are anchored to the good ground, usage of the rear-row steel pipe piles can be reduced greatly, good anchorage force is provided, the front-row prestressed anchors are used for anchoring and stabilizing the rock stratum, and overturning resistance of the overall structure is improved. By the aid of the rear-row vertical prestressed anchors and the prestressed anchors arranged in the front-row steel pipe piles, factor of safety against overturning of the supporting system is enhanced effectively, construction cost is lowered, and construction period is shortened.

The invention discloses a horizontal tensioning method of a reinforcing concrete column by prestressed fiber cloth, fiber cloth is correspondingly arranged in the areas to be reinforced on the concrete column surface along the circumferential direction, the spaces between both ends of the fiber cloth and the concrete column surface are settled, and both ends of the fiber cloth are fixedly arranged; external surfaces horizontally across the both ends of the fiber cloth are respectively provided with horizontal bearing arms; the fiber cloth is pasted on the concrete column surface and fixed directly by moving the horizontal bearing arms and coating adhesive; and the invention alters the traditional longitudinal tensioning fiber cloth to horizontal tensioning fiber cloth, and can achieve equal tensioning effect with horizontal tension which is only 1 / 5 to 1 / 7 time of longitudinal tension, which reduces the demands of tensioning equipments and technique significantly. The invention has the advantages of simple equipment, and low manufacturing cost, is convenient for transportation and carrying, has good tensioning effect for the fiber cloth receives even stress in the tensioning process; and the tensioning operation has little damage to the structure of the original concrete, the manufacturing cost can be greatly saved, the project risk is reduced, the construction period is shortened, and comprehensive benefit of technology and economy is obvious.

The invention relates to a supporting structure system of a rock stratum large-section deep vertical shaft and a construction method of the supporting structure system. If the large-section deep vertical shaft is supported only through steel frame anchor and shotcrete supporting, stability or deformation of the side wall of the vertical shaft can hardly be effectively controlled. The supporting structure system comprises primary supporting shotcrete, wherein a primary supporting grid steel frame is preset in the primary supporting shotcrete. Multiple layers of transverse horizontal steel supports are arranged in the space, inside the primary supporting shotcrete, of the vertical shaft from top to bottom, wherein each steel frame comprises inclined steel braces located at the four corners and a straight steel brace located in the middle, the ends of the steel frames are all fixed to a steel surrounding purlin which is arranged on the inner wall of the primary supporting shotcrete in a surrounding mode, the periphery of the steel surrounding purlin is fixed to a primary supporting profile steel frame embedded in the primary supporting shotcrete, primary supporting anchor rods are welded to both the primary supporting grid steel frame and the primary supporting profile steel frame, and the other ends of the primary supporting anchor rods are hit into surrounding rock. According to the supporting structure system and the construction method, flexible supporting and rigid supporting are reasonably combined, a conventional supporting method is not changed, construction is convenient, investment is saved, and overall stability of a vertical shaft foundation pit is enhanced.

The invention discloses satellite-borne integrated mass data storage and playback equipment. An integrated data interface module carries out time attitude data and control information interaction on an integrated data management computer through a frequency scale signal connector and an optical fiber Ethernet connector, and carries out integrated data transmission on an image sensor through an optical fiber integrated data connector; under the control of a unified protocol, the image sensor, a microwave aperture and a loading data source are subjected to integrated preprocessing and storage; an integrated storage control module carries out control, fault monitoring and dynamic refreshing on a startup and shutdown OC (Objective-C) instruction of storage equipment; a high-capacity data storage module receives a control instruction sent from the integrated storage control module through FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), reports health, state and fault information to the integrated storage control module, receives integrated data from the integrated data interface module through a high-speed interface unit, realizes ECC (Error Correction Code) coding and decoding, a balancing algorithm and bad block rejection through a data preprocessing unit, and stores the data into a solid-state memory array.

The invention provides a soil body electrical parameter space-time distribution testing device and testing method for a triaxial experiment. The testing device comprises a triaxial compression experiment device, an insulating rubber film, conducting strips and an electrodes. The insulating rubber film, the conducting strips and the electrodes are added into a confining pressure chamber in the triaxial compression experiment device; the insulating rubber film is used as a soil sample to be isolated from the confining pressure chamber in the triaxial compression experiment device; the conductingstrips and the electrodes are used for testing electrical parameters of the soil body; the conducting strips are arranged at the end parts of the two ends of a soil sample of the triaxial compressionexperiment; the electrodes are inserted into the soil body through the small holes of the insulating rubber film and are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the insulating rubber film to form a group of conductive electrodes; and a plurality of groups of electrodes are arranged along the axial direction of the insulating rubber film to test the resistivity of each layer of soil body. The soil body electrical parameter space-time distribution testing device and testing method are applied to subgrade engineering of different soil bodies, soft soil and silt foundation engineering, various soil body landslides and other engineering, the soil body performance and damage state are evaluated, and the relation between damage and strength is established.

The invention discloses a large-scale overhead equipment foundation, wherein, a reinforced concrete frame is built on an underground bearing layer (6); an overhead region (5) is arranged in the middle of the reinforced concrete frame which comprises elements such as a reinforced concrete plate (1), a frame beam (2), an underground frame column (3), an intermediate beam (4) and so on; and the frame beam (2), the intermediate beam (4) and the reinforced concrete plate (1) are supported by the underground frame column (3). As for a foundation of oversized equipment, a reinforced concrete foundation footing (7) is built on the lower part of the underground frame column (3). The large-scale overhead equipment foundation can greatly reduce the concrete amount of large-scale equipment, reduce the earthwork excavated volume of a foundation pit, simultaneously reduce the hydration heat generated under the condition of bulk concrete placement, and avoid generation of concrete cracks, consequently reducing the engineering risk and the construction difficulty and reducing the incidence rate of engineering qualitative accidents.

The invention discloses a strong-water-permeability stratum building foundation pit horizontal grouting sealing bottom construction method. The strong-water-permeability stratum building foundation pit horizontal grouting sealing bottom construction method includes the following steps that horizontal grouting sealing bottom construction is conducted, wherein precise positioning and horizontal grouting hole drilling are conducted through a horizontal directional drilling machine, and after hole drilling is completed, retreating type grouting is conducted when drill stems are dragged back, and ahorizontal sealing bottom is formed at the bottom of a foundation pit; and vertical curtain construction is conducted, wherein after sealing bottom horizontal grouting is completed, closed vertical curtains are formed on the four sides or the three sides of the foundation pit, complete lap joint connection is conducted on the vertical curtains and the horizontal sealing bottom, and in other words, a strong-water-permeability stratum foundation pit water insulation structure is formed. According to the strong-water-permeability stratum building foundation pit horizontal grouting sealing bottomconstruction method, vertical curtain construction is conducted after horizontal sealing bottom construction is conducted; firstly, the horizontal sealing bottom can be rapidly formed for the foundation pit to control underground water; then, the vertical curtains and the horizontal sealing bottom structure are connected together, and therefore a three-dimensional anti-seepage structure can be formed for the foundation pit project, and the effects of supporting, water insulation and foundation pit project reinforcing are achieved; and while the surrounding environment is well protected, the project cost is saved, and the project risk is lowered.

The invention discloses a foundation pit comprehensive on-line monitoring cloud platform system based on Internet-of-Things big data. The foundation pit comprehensive on-line monitoring cloud platformsystem comprises a front-end data collector, an Internet-of-Things big data cloud center and a user client side. The front-end data collector comprises a comprehensive collector. The comprehensive collector collects information through a foundation pit sensor and transmits the collected information to the Internet-of-Things big data cloud center through a transmission device. The Internet-of-Things big data cloud center transmits the information to the user client side after the information is subjected to functionalization processing. The foundation pit sensor comprises a total station, a water level, a clinometer, an axial force meter and a steel rebar meter. The invention relates to the field of building engineering and geotechnical engineering and the field of foundation pit safety monitoring. According to the foundation pit comprehensive on-line monitoring cloud platform system based on the Internet-of-Things big data, the engineering risk can be effectively reduced, the manual cost can be greatly reduced, the behaviors of providing false data, preparing reports and the like can be greatly reduced, the work efficiency can be improved, and information transmission is timelier.

The invention provides an underground station structure with a stop line in an urban rail transit project. The structure is arranged on an underground station with a stop line in an urban rail transit project. The structure comprises two groups of symmetrical three-way turnouts, connection rails, two groups of buffer stops, four groups of single-way turnouts and platforms. The two groups of symmetrical three-way turnouts are connected with the two groups of buffer stops through the connection rails, to form a symmetric three-way turnout through stop line, and then connected with the four groups of single-way turnouts paved on right and left main tracks through the connection rails, to form the underground station structure with the stop line together with the platforms. The underground station structure has the effects that the total length of the underground station can be shortened by 50-60 meters approximately, the station which is excavated is partially changed into a running tunnel of which the construction adopts a shield method, thus the demolition of structures, changing of municipal pipelines and scale of traffic reconciliation caused by the project are reduced, the project investment is lowered, the construction difficulty and risk are lowered, and the influence on the urban environment due to implementation of the project is decreased.

The invention discloses a construction technology of an extra-large steel structure canopy under severe conditions. The construction technology of the extra-large steel structure canopy under severe conditions comprises the steps that for graphic design drawings of the extra-large steel structure canopy, the TEKLA software is adopted to check and correct the graphic design drawings of the extra-large steel structure canopy based on a three-dimensional technology, so that all structural components can be accurately staked out; for the assembly and manufacture of large components in the extra-large steel structure canopy, location of an explorator is realized by means of surface positioning or hole positioning; for the installation of extra large section steel columns in the extra-large steel structure canopy, effective anti-rolling reinforcement is carried out, and a foundation anchor is inbuilt by a positioning bracket technology. An all-weather steel structure canopy construction scheme enables steel structural components to be accurate in size and hole positions are matched, thereby effectively avoiding the repair work of the components caused by the design and manufacturing quality problems; at the same time, the entire construction scheme has high safety and security, effectively reduces engineering risks, and can effectively ensure the progress, quality and safety of a construction project.

The invention provides a highway tunnel very-low-frequency through-earth communication and positioning integrated system, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel communication positioning. The system comprises a very-low-frequency electromagnetic wave transmission driving box, a very-low-frequency electromagnetic wave transmission control box, a very-low-frequency electromagnetic wave receiving antenna, and a cable and the like which are required for laying a coil. By connection of the cable, an optical fiber and a data line, installation of integral equipment is implemented. The receiving antenna receives a very-low-frequency electromagnetic wave in a tunnel, which is transmitted by a transmission system outside the tunnel; when electromagnetic wave communication is implemented, a receiving end is positioned; a problem that in the tunnel engineering, laying cannot be carried out or rerouting is carried out in real time along a drilling footage in the engineering construction stage in conventional wired and wireless communication methods is avoided; by laying for once, functions of real-time communication and tracking positioning of personnel inside and outside the tunnel are achieved; and when an accident occurs, contact smoothness of a landslide area and a command system can be ensured and a trapped position of personnel can be accurately positioned so as to improve rescue efficiency, thereby achieving effects of scientifically managing and reducing engineering cost and risk.