The invention belongs to synthesis of organic intermediates, more particularly relates to a method for synthesizing 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine derivatives from a chain 1,3-dicarbonyl compound in one-pot method. The method comprises the following steps of: adding the chain 1,3-dicarbonyl compound, primary amine and a formaldehyde water solution into a reaction vessel, then adding a solvent and reacting for 4 to 8h, concentrating and purifying after the reaction is finished to obtain the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine derivatives. The invention provides a synthesis method of the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine derivatives and has scientific and reasonable synthesis method, mild conditions, simple and easy operation and production yield of up to more than 80 percent.