153 results about "Electromagnetic mode" patented technology

An antenna horn having multiple flared sections with their slopes and lengths selected to enhance desirable electromagnetic modes and to suppress undesirable modes at the horn aperture, thereby increasing the aperture efficiency and antenna gain.

The purely bound electromagnetic modes of propagation supported by symmetric waveguide structures comprised of a thin lossy metal film of finite width embedded in an infinite homogeneous dielectric have been characterized at optical wavelengths. The modes supported are divided into four families depending on the symmetry of their fields. In addition to the four fundamental modes that exist, numerous higher order ones are supported as well. A nomenclature suitable for identifying all modes is discussed. The dispersion of the modes with film thickness and width has been assessed and the effects of varying the background permittivity on the characteristics of the modes determined. The frequency dependency of one of the modes has been investigated. The higher order modes have a cut-off width, below which they are no longer propagated and some of the modes have a cut-off thickness.

The purely bound electromagnetic modes of propagation supported by waveguide structures comprised of a thin lossy metal film of finite width embedded in an infinite homogeneous dielectric have been characterized at optical wavelengths. One of the fundamental modes supported by the structure exhibits very interesting characteristics and is potentially quite useful. It evolves with decreasing film thickness and width towards the TEM wave supported by the background (an evolution similar to that exhibited by the sb mode in symmetric metal film slab waveguides), its losses and phase constant tending asymptotically towards those of the TEM wave. Attenuation values can be well below those of the sb mode supported by the corresponding metal film slab waveguide. Low mode power attenuation in the neighbourhood of 10 to 0.1 dB/cm is achievable at optical communications wavelengths, with even lower values being possible. Carefully selecting the film's thickness and width can make this mode the only long-ranging one supported. In addition, the mode can have a field distribution that renders it excitable using an end-fire approach. The existence of this mode renders the finite-width metal film waveguide attractive for applications requiring short propagation distances and 2-D field confinement in the transverse plane, enabling various devices to be constructed, such as couplers, splitters, modulators, interferometers, switches and periodic structures. Under certain conditions, an asymmetric structure can support a long-ranging mode having a field distribution that is suitable to excitation using an end-fire technique. Like asymmetric slab waveguides. The attenuation of the long-ranging mode near cutoff decreases very rapidly, much more so than the attenuation related to the long-ranging mode in a similar symmetric structure. The cutoff thickness of a long-ranging mode in an asymmetric finite-width structure is larger than the cutoff thickness of the sb mode in a similar asymmetric slab waveguide. This implies that the long-ranging mode supported by an asymmetric finite-width structure is more sensitive to the asymmetry in the structure compared to the sb mode supported by a similar slab waveguide. This result is interesting and potentially useful in that the propagation of such a mode can be affected by a smaller change in the dielectric constant of the substrate or superstrate compared with similar slab structures.

Analyzing interactions between vias in multilayered electronic packages that include at least two spaced-apart conducting planes, and multiple vias that connect signal traces on different layers. Voltages at active via ports are represented as magnetic ring current sources, which generate electromagnetic modes inside the plane structure. Substantial electromagnetic coupling between vias occurs. A full-wave solution of multiple scattering among cylindrical vias in planar waveguides is derived using Foldy-Lax equations. By using the equivalence principle, the coupling is decomposed into interior and exterior problems. For the interior problem, the dyadic Green's function is expressed in terms of vector cylindrical waves and waveguide modes. The Foldy-Lax equations for multiple scattering among the cylindrical vias are applied, and waveguide modes are decoupled in the Foldy-Lax equations. The scattering matrix of coupling among vias is then calculated for use in determining signal reflection, transmission, and/or coupling in the electronics package.

Waveguide structures comprising a thin lossy metal film of finite width embedded in an infinite homogeneous dielectric support purely bound electromagnetic modes of propagation low mode power attenuation in the neighbourhood of 10 to 0.1 dB/cm is achievable at optical communications wavelengths, with even lower values being possible. Carefully selecting the film's thickness and width can make this mode the only long-ranging one supported. In addition, the mode can have a field distribution that renders it excitable using an end-fire approach. The finite-width metal film waveguide may be used for applications requiring short propagation distances and 2-D field confinement in the transverse plane, enabling various devices to be constructed, such as couplers, splitters, modulators, interferometers, switches and periodic structures. Under certain conditions, an asymmetric structure can support a long-ranging mode having a field distribution that is suitable to excitation using an end-fire technique.

A photonic crystal fiber comprising: a core (20) having a refractive index; and a cladding region (10) at least substantially surrounding the core (20) and comprising a bulk material having a second refractive index that is higher that the first refractive index, the bulk material containing an arrangement of elongate, longitudinal holes that comprise hole material of a third refractive index that is lower than the first refractive index; such that an electromagnetic mode guided in the core (20) has an evanescent wave that becomes more closely confined to the vicinity of the core (20) as the wavelength of the electromagnetic mode is increased over a first range of wavelengths.

The invention provides an automobile wheel hub machining method. The automobile wheel hub machining method comprises the following steps of a smelting process, low-pressure casting, heat treatment, precision machining and surface coating. In the smelting process, silicon metal is added to aluminum liquid when the temperature of the aluminum liquid rises to 760DEG C, the silicon metal and the aluminum liquid are stirred for 25-30 minutes in an electromagnetic mode, wherein the content of the silicon metal is between 6.5% and 7.5%. When the aluminum liquid flows out of a furnace, AlSr alloy, AlTi5B alloy and magnesium are added to a flowing groove, wherein the content of Sr is between 0.008% and 0.012%, the content of Ti is between 0.1% and 0.2%, and the content of the magnesium is between 0.24% and 0.34%. In the low-pressure casting process, the aluminum liquid starts to flow out of the furnace under the temperature between 740DEG C to 750DEG C, refining and degassing are conducted on the aluminum liquid through high-purity nitrogen by 12 minutes, and then the aluminum liquid is conveyed to a low-pressure casting machine heat preserving furnace and is cast. In the heat treatment process, solid solution treatment, aging treatment and hardening treatment are conducted on a semifinished wheel hub formed after casting so as to obtain mechanical properties required by a wheel hub. The automobile wheel hub machining method can improve strength, hardness and forming of the wheel hub and meet requirements for safety performance of a wheel.

The present invention is directed to systems and methods of providing universal quantum computation that avoid certain external control fields that either are hard or impossible to implement, or are serious sources of decoherence (errors). The systems and methods extend the set of scalable physical platforms suitable for implementing quantum computation in solid state, condensed matter and atomic and molecular physics systems. The invention includes identifying of suitable encodings of logical qubits into three physical qubits—i.e. three quantum mechanical systems of two levels—and performing quantum computing operations by changing the quantum states of physical qubits making up one or more logical qubits using only generalized anisotropic exchange interactions. This includes performing a quantum unitary operation over a single logical qubit or a non-local (entangling) two-qubit unitary operation. An exemplary embodiment of the invention uses a physical qubit represented by two electronic quantum levels of a nanoparticle supported in an electromagnetic cavity. The physical qubit, i.e. its quantum levels can be tuned by electromagnetic field from a pulsed laser, so that the qubit can be brought into the interaction (resonance) with another physical qubit via exchange of cavity quantum electromagnetic modes.

A first communication device configured for communications with a second communications device, and related system and method of operation, are disclosed. In at least some embodiments, the first device includes a first transceiver allowing the first device to send and receive electromagnetic communication signals, and a second transceiver allowing the first device to send and receive capacitive communication signals. The first device includes a control device coupled to the first and second transceivers, whereby the first device is configured for achieving both electromagnetic communications and capacitive communications, respectively, with the second device. In some further embodiments, the first device operates normally in a capacitive mode of communication and only switches to an electromagnetic mode of communication when the capacitive mode is unavailable or inadequate, and/or the first device only communicates with other devices in an electromagnetic mode if those other devices are also capable of communication via the capacitive mode.

The present disclosure relates to a generally-applicable measurement technique based on coherent quantum enhancement effects and provides embodiments with nonlinear optics. The technique utilizes parametric nonlinear processes where the information-carrying electromagnetic quanta in a number of electromagnetic modes are converted phase coherently to signature quanta in a single mode or a few modes. The phase coherence means that while the quanta before conversion may have unequal or uncertain phase values across the modes, the signature quanta converted from those different modes have the (near) uniform phase. This can lead to significant increase in the signal to noise ratio in detecting weak signal buried in strong background noise. Applications can be found in remote sensing, ranging, biological imaging, field imaging, target detection and identification, covert communications, and other fields that can benefit from improved signal to noise ratios by using the phase coherent effect.

The invention discloses a low-frequency ultrasonic secondary atomizing spraying head controlled in an electromagnetic mode. The low-frequency ultrasonic secondary atomizing spraying head comprises a nozzle. A liquid inlet hole is formed in the nozzle and communicated with one end of a liquid outlet hole. A trapezoidal nozzle groove is formed in the tail end of the nozzle and provided with a trapezoidal secondary atomizing moving body. The other end of the liquid outlet hole is communicated with the trapezoidal nozzle groove. An iron core and the trapezoidal atomizing moving body are bonded together. A coil winds around the iron core which is covered with a protecting cover. The protecting cover and the trapezoidal secondary atomizing moving body are bonded. One end of a stop block supports the trapezoidal secondary atomizing moving body. A sponge is stuffed between the stop block and the trapezoidal secondary atomizing moving body and bonded to the stop block. The other end of the stop block is welded to the nozzle. Currents flowing into the coil are changed by adjusting a circuit, electromagnetic force can be adjusted accurately, the distance between the trapezoidal nozzle groove and the trapezoidal secondary atomizing moving body is controlled accurately, and therefore the size of generated mist drops can be accurately controlled.

Optical components including a laser based on a dielectric waveguide extending along a waveguide axis and having a refractive index cross-section perpendicular to the waveguide axis, the refractive index cross-section supporting an electromagnetic mode having a zero group velocity for a non-zero wavevector along the waveguide axis.

This invention uses the structures of the finite-sized conductor-backed coplanar waveguides for designing broadband switchable and tunable signal filters. The design methods construct a plurality of configurations, which including waveguides, via holes, metallic posts, and conductor planes in the structures, for selecting, coupling, converting, and dissipating of the signals with specific electromagnetic modes and frequencies propagating through the structures. The dominant electromagnetic modes of the signals include Coplanar Waveguide Modes and Microstrip-Like Modes. The design methods thereby produce a plurality of filter types, such as bandstop filters, bandpass filters, multiband filters, etc. The design methods can apply to the structures with single and multi-layer dielectric and metallic materials, such as Integrated Circuits, Thin-film transistor Circuits, Low Temperature/High Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC/HTCC), PCB, and others. In addition, the design methods add switches to perform electrically controllable functions including frequency band selection and filter type selection. The design methods can also perform impedance matching of broadband signals by electrically tuning the values of inductance and capacitance in conjunction with the structures.

A system is disclosed for converting energy from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum available at any point in the universe to usable energy in the form of heat, electricity, mechanical energy or other forms of power. By suppressing electromagnetic quantum vacuum energy at appropriate frequencies a change may be effected in the electron energy levels which will result in the emission or release of energy. Mode suppression of electromagnetic quantum vacuum radiation is known to take place in Casimir cavities. A Casimir cavity refers to any region in which electromagnetic modes are suppressed or restricted. When atoms enter into suitable micro Casimir cavities a decrease in the orbital energies of electrons in atoms will thus occur. Such energy will be captured in the claimed devices. Upon emergence form such micro Casimir cavities the atoms will be re-energized by the ambient electromagnetic quantum vacuum. In this way energy is extracted locally and replenished globally from and by the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. This process may be repeated an unlimited number of times. This process is also consistent with the conservation of energy in that all usable energy does come at the expense of the energy content of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Similar effects may be produced by acting upon molecular bonds. Devices are described in which gas is recycled through a multiplicity of Casimir cavities. The disclosed devices are scalable in size and energy output for applications ranging from replacements for small batteries to power plant sized generators of electricity.

The present invention is an RF cavity for accelerating electrons in imaging applications such as x-ray tubes and CT applications. An RF cavity having electron emitters placed therein accelerates the electrons across the cavity. The geometric shape of the cavity determines the electromagnetic modes that are employed for the acceleration of electrons. The fast electrons are used to generate x-rays by interacting with a target, either a solid or a liquid target. The electron accelerator may be used in an arc source for a stationary computed tomography application, in an x-ray tube, as a booster for an electron gun, and other imaging applications.

The invention discloses a concentric and taper TEM (transverse electromagnetic mode) cell and a method for designing an interior conductor semi-included angle and an exterior conductor semi-included angle of a transmission section of the concentric and taper TEM cell. The method comprises the following steps: according to the use requirement of the transmission section of the concentric and taper TEM cell, characteristic impedance ZC and a ratio theta 2/theta 1 of the exterior conductor semi-included angle and the interior conductor semi-included angle of the transmission section are selected; high order mode quantities corresponding to different interior conductor semi-included angles and exterior conductor semi-included angles of the transmission section of the concentric and taper TEM cell are calculated according to the selected characteristic impedance ZC and the ratio theta 2/theta 1 of the exterior conductor semi-included angle and the interior conductor semi-included angle of the transmission section of the concentric and taper TEM cell, the interior conductor semi-included angle and the exterior conductor semi-included angle which correspond to the minimum high order mode quantity are selected to serve as the interior conductor semi-included angle and the exterior conductor semi-included angle of the transmission section of the concentric and taper TEM cell. With adoption of the technical scheme, the interior conductor semi-included angle and the exterior conductor semi-included angle of the transmission section of the concentric and taper TEM cell are designed, so that the quantity of the high order mode is reduced, the high order mode cut-off frequency is increased, and the performance of the concentric and taper TEM cell is improved.

The invention belongs to the field of water supply and drainage automatic control, and discloses a roof greening water supply and drainage system based on remote control. The system includes an upper computer system and a lower computer system, wherein the upper computer system utilizes a low-power consumption single-chip microcomputer microprocessor to process data related with sun irradiation time and irradiation intensity, and enables the lower computer system to run according to a preset program, is also used for controlling the lower computer system to realize automatic water supply through two methods, and sends out instructions of utilizing an electric mode to control in places with bad water quality and utilizing an electromagnetic mode to control in places with good water quality; and the lower computer system is used for collecting real-time information of the roof greening water supply and drainage system, and taking corresponding control measures according to the collected real-time information. The roof greening water supply and drainage automatic control system is realized through control of the lower computer by the upper computer. The roof greening water supply and drainage system based on remote control can remotely control an automatic water supply and drainage system of roof greening, and effectively collect rainwater and residual water generated by too much irrigation, thereby effectively avoiding waste of water resources, and avoiding waste of manpower resources at the same time.

A method for diagnosing or predicting the risk of shock, the method incorporating an algorithmic combination of optical, electromagnetic, and other sensors, along with their anatomic and temporal patterns. A method for developing the algorithms through iterative optimization using machine learning.