The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to an adjustable pit digging device for agricultural planting, which comprises a base, a support frame is fixedly connected to the base, a control box is fixedly connected to the support frame, two threaded sleeves are rotatably connected between the control box and the support frame, screws are in threaded connection in the threaded sleeves, the lower ends of the two screws are jointly and fixedly connected with a frame, the frame is in sliding connection with the supporting frame, the frame is rotationally connected with a two-way lead screw, and the two-way lead screw is in threaded connection with two threaded blocks. Through an arranged control mechanism, the digging depth of drill rods matched with spiral blades can be accurately regulated and controlled, through an arranged speed increasing mechanism, the rotating speed of the spiral blades can be increased, then the digging efficiency is improved, the labor loss of manual digging is avoided, through an arranged driving mechanism, the distance between the two drill rods can be regulated and controlled, and the distance between every two pits can be accurately regulated and controlled.