39 results about "Solidification stabilization" patented technology

The invention discloses a bored composite pile structure under karst cave / soil cave geological conditions and belongs to the technical field of construction pile foundation engineering. The bored composite pile structure is composed of a borehole, a preformed pile, a protective cage, clay cement grout, a grouting pipe, karst cave (soil cave), protective cage longitudinal bars, protective cage hooping and geotechnical cloths. Constructions of a cast-in-situ bored pile under the karst cave / soil cave geological conditions are usually encountered with greater difficulties, and therefore the preformed pile can be implanted by way of drilling, and then the gap between the preformed pile and the borehole is filled with clay cement grout. Namely, first, a hole is drilled at a design pile position, and meanwhile the protective cage is fixed at a corresponding position, according to the height of a karst cave (soil cave) burial depth below the pile position, of the preformed pile, the protective cage is composed of the multiple protective cage longitudinal bars, the cage hooping located on the periphery of the protective cage longitudinal bars and taking a shape of a ring and the geotechnical cloths located on the periphery of the hooping; then, the preformed pile is lifted and placed into the borehole and the center of the preformed pile and the center of the borehole are ensured to coincide; finally, the clay cement grout is poured into the gap between the pile and the borehole through the grouting pipe and after the clay cement grout solidifies and stabilizes, the bored composite pile is formed.

The invention discloses a production process for a wood-plastic biological composite board. The adopted technical scheme comprises the steps of: 1, collecting and processing raw materials; 2, preparing wood shavings; 3, drying and separating; 4, mat-forming and hot-pressing; 5, processing a rough board; and 6, sanding. The invention has the advantages that: the traditional extrusion forming production method of the wood-plastic composite board is replaced by adopting a hot pressing mode, and a large-size wood-plastic composite board can be produced; by adopting the wood-plastic composite board processed by adopting a hot pressing process, the actual blank thickness as a main evaluation index is adopted in the hot pressing process, and a vaporization stage and a solidification stabilization stage are added during the hot pressing processing to ensure that the blank thickness is more accurate and the surface strength, the surface density and the core layer density of blanks are more controllable and stable, thus the rejection rate is reduced and the stability of the board quality is improved.

The invention discloses a glass solidification stabilization method for treating an aluminum electrolysis waste slot lining based on an F-Si chemical bond. The glass solidification stabilization method comprises the following steps: crushing the waste slot lining into particles with a particle size smaller than 15mm; putting the crushed waste slot lining into a metal curing tank to carry out medium-temperature roasting, adding glass substances, weight of which is 0.8-2.0 times that of the waste slot lining, as a curing agent to continuously roast after controlling a temperature to 750-850 DEG C and preserving the heat for 2-3.5 hours to carry out the medium-temperature roasting, increasing the temperature to 1050-1200 DEG C and preserving the heat for 2-4 hours; and enabling a molten glass-state mixture to flow into a receiving container, and carrying out annealing / quenching to obtain a glass form containing a waste slot lining fluoride. The finally formed glass-state residues have relatively strong chemical stability and mechanical resistance, are relatively small in size, are easy to store and transfer, can be used as a building material or can be used as common solid waste to carry out landfill treatment or can be used as a coating material for being used for the industries of buildings, roads or heat engines.

The invention discloses a gelatinization and solidification stabilization treatment system for waste incineration fly ash and belongs to environmental engineering. The treatment system consists of a fly ash storage and metering device, a curing agent storage and metering device, a stabilizing agent storage and metering device, and a uniformly mixing and stirring and extrusion and granulating treatment device. By combining power pre-mixing and strong stirring, a stabilizing agent, a curing agent, and fly ash are promoted to be fully contacted, and the gelatinization and solidification effect of the fly ash is enhanced; based on the prestressing force enhancement principle and the chemical reaction balance principle, the treatment system realizes the accurate control over the using amount of materials by an intermittent metering mode; by introducing a roll shaft grinding granulating technology, and enhancing chemical reactions through pressure application, particles are extruded, the heavy metal in the fly ash is stabilized for a long term, the activity of the heavy metal in the incineration fly ash is greatly reduced, and the stabilized product has long-term stability in a sanitarylandfill, and meets the landfill pollution control standard of domestic garbage and can enter a common sanitary landfill and is buried.

The invention discloses a reducibility solidification stabilization method of processing soil polluted by toxic organics, and belongs to the technical fields of hazardous waste treatment and polluted field repair in environmental protection. The reducibility solidification stabilization method of the processing the soil polluted by the toxic organics comprises firstly, adding the soil which is polluted by the toxic organics, water, and a divalent molysite solution into a stirrer, stirring for 40 minutes-60 minutes; enabling the toxic organics to obtain degradation to the maximum extent; and adding inorganic grouting agent curing agents, continuously stirring until materials are evenly mixed, opening a discharge gate of the stirrer to discharge the evenly mixed materials; and at last, forming solidified body building blocks in a regular shape after carrying out a molding procedure on the mixed materials, conveying the building blocks into a maintenance workshop to carry out maintenance or directly placing the building blocks into packaging bags, and accomplishing reducibility solidification stabilization of the soil polluted by the toxic organics. The reducibility solidification stabilization method of the processing soil polluted by the toxic organics has the advantages of being high in a removal rate to the toxic organics, high in a solidification rate to residual pollutants, simple in operation, good in adaptability, and wide in use range.

The invention provides a method for solidification stabilization of heavy metal contaminated soil with fly ash as a raw material. A feasible method is provided for treatment of the heavy metal contaminated soil. The method comprises the following steps: (1) an intermediate material and an alkali activator are prepared, specifically, sodium hydroxide and a water glass solution are mixed as the alkali activator, and the heavy metal contaminated soil and the fly ash are mixed as the intermediate material; (2) material mixing is conducted, specifically, the intermediate material and the alkali activator are mixed according to a mass ratio of 5:(2 to 3); and (3) a solidification body is prepared, specifically, after a mixed material is stirred, slurry is prepared and poured into a mold, compaction forming is conducted, after curing, demolding is conducted, and the solidification body capable of conducting solidification stabilization on heavy metal in the soil is prepared. The mode that thefly ash is taken as the basic raw material to solidify and remediate the heavy metal contaminated soil is adopted, and part of the contaminated soil replaces the fly ash to prepare geopolymers so that the effect of 'using waste to treat waste' can be achieved.

The invention discloses a method used for making bricks from domestic waste incineration fly ash and furnace slag. The method comprises following steps: 1, CaO in domestic waste incineration fly ash is subjected to slaking; 2, a sulfur containing compound and cement are added into a material obtained via slaking, and an obtained mixture is subjected to stirring homogenizing and heavy metal stabilization; 3, a product obtained via heavy metal stabilization is subjected to curing so as to obtain a fly ash heavy metal solidified body; 4, the fly ash heavy metal solidified body is subjected to crushing so as to obtain a fly ash powder material; 5, CaO in furnace slag is subjected to slaking; 6, a product material obtained via slaking of CaO in furnace slag is subjected to drying so as to obtain furnace clinker; 7, the furnace clinker is subjected to crushing so as to obtain furnace slag powder; 8, the fly ash powder material, the furnace slag powder, fly ash, NaOH, and water are mixed so as to obtain a mortar; and 9, the mortar is subjected to curing and moulding so as to obtain bricks. According to the method, geopolymeric gel and tobermorite are adopted to prepare building materials,resource utilization on fly ash and furnace slag is realized, brick mechanical properties are improved, and multistage solidification stabilization of heavy metal in fly ash is realized.

The invention discloses a quality control material and a calibration material for verifying hematology analyzer. Various liquids are integrated; a cell treating liquid integrates the functions of anti-coagulation, blood cell preservation and cell solidification stabilization; secondly, a manufacturing process is optimized, and pre-treatment is carried out immediately once blood is sampled, so that on one hand, the blood is prevented from coagulation and hemolysis, and on the other hand the immobilization of the blood cells is ultimately realized, and at the same time the activity of fresh blood is not lost; and by utilizing the process, not only the freshness of the blood cells is determined, but also the aging of the blood cells alive is determined, subsequently, by utilizing a centrifugation and separation technique, expected blood cells are extracted, and finally cell simulants of different concentrations are added so as to synthesize a complete standard substance; such process is low in production cost, the produced calibration material and the quality control material are high in yield; and the synthesized calibration material and the quality control material are stable in activity and longer in aging.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a composite quartz stone slab by using arsenic-containing waste residues and flotation tailings. The method is characterized in that the flotation tailings, the arsenic-containing waste residues, an unsaturated polyester, a coupling agent and a curing agent are used as raw materials, the materials are mixed, pressing is performed, solidification is performed, and therefore the composite quartz stone slab is prepared, wherein the flotation tailings are molybdenite flotation tailings or spodumene flotation tailings, the arsenic-containing waste residues are arsenic-containing waste residues obtained after flue dust treatment or arsenic-containing waste residues obtained after water treatment, and the amounts of the added raw materials are as follows: 26-55 parts by weight of the flotation tailings, 11-45 parts by weight of the arsenic-containing waste residues, 8-10 parts by weight of the unsaturated polyester, 0.001-0.0046 parts by weight of the coupling agent, and 0.001-0.005 part by weight of the curing agent. The method provided by the invention realizes solidification stabilization and recycling of arsenic in the preparation processof the composite quartz stone slab; and raw materials used in the method have a wide source and low price, the technical route is simple, leaching toxicity is qualified, and the method is convenientfor industrial implementation.

The invention discloses a treatment method of arsenic slag. The method includes: mixing mixing tuff powder with arsenic slag powder uniformly to obtain arsenic mixed powder; then mixing mixing iron oxide powder, aluminum powder and arsenic slag powder uniformly to obtain iron-arsenic mixed powder; adding water into the iron-arsenic mixed powder, and stirring the substances uniformly to obtain an iron-arsenic mixed slurry; carrying out stirring and aeration treatment while subjecting the iron-arsenic mixed slurry to low-temperature plasma irradiation to obtain a plasma treated slurry; and adding calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide into the plasma treated slurry, stirring the substances uniformly, putting the mixture into a mold, and conducting curing and demolding to obtain the arsenic slaggelatinized solidified body. The method provided by the invention integrates oxidation detoxification and solidification stabilization of arsenic slag, and efficiently stabilizes a low-toxicity pentavalent arsenic salt in the gelatinized solidified body; the added ferric ions can efficiently adsorb reducing substances, avoid reduction of pentavalent arsenic into trivalent arsenic again, and maintain the stability of pentavalent arsenic; the strength of the arsenic slag solidified body can reach 51.62MPa maximumly, and the arsenic leaching concentration is lower than the allowable arsenic concentration value of domestic drinking water (first grade).

The invention discloses a dredged polluted bottom sludge rapid dehydration solidification stabilization integrated method and equipment, and belongs to the field of river, lake, sea, harbour dredged polluted bottom sludge processing and resource utilization in environment engineering. The dredged polluted bottom sludge rapid dehydration solidification stabilization integrated method comprises following steps: dredged polluted bottom sludge is subjected to slag removing treatment, and at the same time, a prepared curing agent is introduced into a medicine storage tank, wherein the curing agentis a mixture of blast furnace slag powder and a solidification stabilization additive; after slag removing, the dredged polluted bottom sludge and a certain amount of the curing agent are mixed and stirred to be uniform so as to obtain a sludge preparation; the uniformly stirred sludge preparation is introduced into a dehydration solidification stabilization pool immediately, solidification stabilization reaction and vacuum dehydration treatment are carried out at the same time until sludge preparation dehydration and solidification stabilization are realized. The dredged polluted bottom sludge rapid dehydration solidification stabilization integrated method is capable of realizing integrated dehydration and solidification stabilization, processing technology is simplified, and at the sametime, dredged polluted bottom sludge processing efficiency is increased, toxicity leaching is lower, and the method is more friendly to the environment and better in economical benefit.

The invention provides a recycling method for fly-ash building materials. The recycling method comprises the following steps: a primary pulping process, a stirring process, a digesting process, a crushing process, a mixture preparing process, a secondary pulping process and a maintaining process, wherein a time interval between the primary pulping process and the digesting process does not exceeds 18 hours; shaping is performed by adopting different moulds according to the end use of the product, and the product is maintained, so that the compressive strength of the final product obtained is higher than or equal to 10 MPa. According to the recycling method for the fly-ash building materials, fly ash which is hazardous waste can be simultaneously subjected to dechloridation and heavy metal solidification stabilization treatment, so that the fly ash can be recycled as building material and is mainly used as aggregate of concrete and ceramsite for building material.

A method of recovering a room-and-pillar coal pillar by using external replacement supports. In the recovery of a room-and-pillar coal pillar, a cement material wall is formed by performing pouring around a coal pillar having a width to height ratio of less than 0.6, by means of a single-pillar sack arrangement technique, such that a coal pillar resource may be mined while a wall made from a cement filling material supports an overlying stratum. After mining is complete, a coal pillar goaf region is filled with the cement filling material, and after the cement filling material solidifies and is stable, the single pillar can be recovered.

The invention discloses a method for constructing a gob-side entry retaining roadside support based on a gangue cement-based material, and relates to the technical field of underground gob-side entryretaining roadside supports. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, arranging single props in a gangue transportation roadway, and arranging baffles beside the single props; secondly, starting filling equipment, and sequentially filling a gob with gangue from far to near; thirdly, when a filling body is close to the gob at an entry retaining position, filling and tamping a cementing body; and finally, after a filled wall body is fully solidified and stabilized, recovering a part of or all single props and hinged top beams in a row in the middle of the entry retaining. The method issuitable for a solid filling working surface; gob-side entry retaining is performed by a method of combining the single prop baffles and the tamped cementing body for retaining the roadway; the single props support the hinged top beams or steel beams to achieve a temporary support effect and maintain the stability of the roadway; after the cementing material is tamped, an effect of quickly improving the support strength can be achieved, and the time for waiting for final setting during cementing filling is shortened; and the initial bearing capacity is high, and the entry retaining effect isgood.

The invention relates to a solidifying agent for stabilizing heavy metal Zn in soil and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering. The solidifying agent for stabilizing the heavy metal Zn in the soil and the using method thereof are provided for aiming at the problems that according to solidification stabilization methods in the prior art, the amount of a solidifying agent is too large, cracking of a solidified body may be caused due to the effect of a long-term stress load and wet and dry cycle to accelerate leaching of heavy metal ions in the solid, and the environmental risk is high. First, a natural plant part with heavy metal Zn attraction effect is fermented for extraction of useful components, then carbonized bamboo particles are used as a carrier for adsorption of fermentation extract, and finally, the fermentation extract is mixed with vermiculite and other materials for preparation of the solidifying agent for stabilizing the heavy metal Zn in the soil for use. The solidifying agent is stable in Zn metal solidification, may not seep out, and has no harm to the environment.

The invention provides a fly ash solidification and stabilization method, which comprises a first pulping procedure, a stirring procedure, a digestive treatment procedure, a crushing treatment procedure, a mixture preparation procedure, a second pulping procedure and a conserving procedure. According to the fly ash solidification and stabilization method provided by the invention, dechlorinating and heavy metal solidification and stabilization treatment can be simultaneously carried out on fly ashes as hazardous wastes; and the generated product can also be applied to production of building materials, and is mainly used as aggregate of concrete and ceramsite for the building materials.

The invention discloses a method for conducting synergistic solidification stabilization on arsenic in desulphurization gypsum by using high temperature of waste incineration fly ash. The method includes the steps of conducting two-time countercurrent rinsing on the waste incineration fly ash according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:(2-6) to obtain wet fly ash, wherein the rinsing time of eachsection is 10-15 min; adding the wet fly ash into the desulphurization gypsum according to the ratio that the dry basis of the wet fly ash accounts for 5-12wt.% of the desulphurization gypsum, fully stirring, then conducting maintenance for at least 3 h, and obtaining a desulphurization-gypsum-mixed wet material doped with the fly ash; placing the desulphurization-gypsum-mixed wet material into agypsum product die, conducting high-temperature calcination for 30-60 min at 600-800 DEG C, and obtaining a calcinated gypsum material product. According to the method, by using the hydration processof the cement base component of the fly ash, solidification stabilization wrapping is conducted on the free arsenic in the gypsum, the arsenic in the desulphurization gypsum is solidified and stabilized, the hypotoxic desulphurization gypsum is prepared, the safety of gypsum-derivative building material products is ensured, and environmental pollution is reduced.

A solidification stabilization treatment method for polluted waste mud is provided. The method at least includes: a step of preparing a solidifying agent, namely a step of adding a composite materialcontaining a clay material and cellulose into tail mud of a tap water plant to obtain the solidifying agent; and a step of solidification, namely a step of mixing the solidifying agent with polluted waste mud to be treated, adjusting the pH value and solidifying the mixture. Heavy metal ions and organic matters are adsorbed efficiently, thus promoting solidification stabilization treatment of thepolluted waste mud. The mud after the solidification stabilization treatment is used for slope greening construction and repairing, and has good water retaining performance, a carrier is provided forplant growth in slope greening and plants are utilized to further adsorb and immobilize pollutants in the mixed mud, thus achieving reutilization of waste resources, and ensuring cyclic conversion inthe nature. The method achieves a good guidance function for development of the polluted waste mud treatment technique.

The invention relates to a solidification and stabilization system for soil restoration, comprising a crushing system, a screening system, a drying system, a soil solidification system and a maintenance system arranged sequentially from front to back; the crushing system is used for crushing soil raw materials; the crushing system There is a first conveying device between the screening system and the screening system; the screening system is used to screen the crushed soil raw materials; there is a second conveying device between the screening system and the soil solidification system; the drying system is set on the second conveying device On the conveying track, it is used to dry small particle raw materials; the soil curing system is used to add curing and stabilizing agents to the dried soil and mix them evenly; a third conveying device is installed between the soil curing system and the maintenance system. Advantages: The structural design is reasonable and compact, which can effectively reduce the floor space. The whole system is safe and effective, and can continuously treat heavy metal-contaminated soil.

The invention discloses a curing stabilizing material for treating arsenic pollution, and a preparation method thereof, wherein the material comprises mechanically activated limonite obtained throughmechanical activation and having an average particle size of about 0.2 [mu]m. The preparation method comprises: 1, carrying out breaking or coarse grinding on a certain amount of natural limonite to obtain powdery limonite with relatively large granularity; 2, screening the powdery limonite to obtain fine powder limonite; and 3, placing the fine powder limonite into a ball mill, carrying out mechanical activation, and adding absolute ethyl alcohol as a dispersion medium during mechanical activation so as to obtain the mechanically activated limonite having an average particle size of about 0.2[mu]m.

The invention discloses a water-resistant moisture-proof and mothproof construction method for a light steel villa outer wall. The construction method comprises the following steps of 1, pre-construction pretreatment and building; and 2, outer wall laying; the construction surface of the outer wall gypsum board on one side of the light steel building keel before construction is compacted and flat,and the phenomena of crisp loosening, sanding and peeling are avoided; the cement mixture is used to ensure that the construction surface is clean, without water and leak-free, holes such as air holes, honeycomb, gaps and the like on the surface of the wall are supplemented, meanwhile, the foundation is made, and the foundation is composed of a cement mixture and a waterproof material added intothe cement mixture; after the foundation to be waterproof and permeated is solidified and stabilized, a light steel roof truss is built, materials required for normal light steel villa are built in the roof and the house, and the corresponding construction mode is carried out through the panel laying of the corresponding outer wall. According to the method, the contact point of the ground and theouter wall is ensured not to be affected by moisture, the wall surface is not prone to water seepage during raining, and the wall surface is not prone to being damaged by moth.

The invention provides a soil oxidization-solidification and stabilization remediation agent and an application method of the soil oxidization-solidification and stabilization remediation agent. The soil oxidization-solidification and stabilization remediation agent comprises zero-valent iron, silicate and calcium oxide, wherein zero-valent iron, silicate and calcium oxide are independently packaged. By means of the process of activation of molecular oxygen in zero-valent and a disilicate system, oxidizing removal of organic matter in contaminated soil is achieved, and the interference of the organic matter to the soil solidification and stabilization process is reduced. Meanwhile, the mobility of reducing substances possibly existing in heavy metal contaminated soil, such as arsenious acid groups, selenious acid groups and sulfur ions is greatly reduced through oxidization. Then calcium oxide / calcium hydroxide is added, and stabilization and immobilization of heavy metal ions such as copper, lead, cadmium and mercury are achieved through iron minerals formed by residual zero-valent iron and calcium silicate compounds. The soil oxidization-solidification and stabilization remediation agent can conduct oxidization-solidification and stabilization on the heavy metal contaminated soil or organic matter and heavy metal combined contaminated soil with different contamination degrees, and products formed after solidification and stabilization can be used for backfilling or other purposes.

The invention provides a method for treating potassium ammonium group drilling fluid rock debris. The method comprises the step that a rock debris gel breaker and a rock debris solidification agent are sequentially added into rock debris generated in the potassium ammonium group drilling fluid drilling process to be stirred and mixed. Treatment debris obtained through the treatment method can reach the standard request I of standards for pollution control over the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid wastes. The solidification stabilization technology is adopted, the gel breaker is adopted for carrying out breaking stabilization on the rock debris, then the solidification agent is adopted for carrying out solidification and closing on the rock debris, and the method has the advantages that the treatment process is simple and the treatment effect is stable.

The invention relates to a solidifying agent for stabilizing heavy metal Cd in soil and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering. The solidifying agent for stabilizing the heavy metal Cd in the soil and the using method thereof are provided for aiming at the problems that according to solidification stabilization methods in the prior art, the amount of a solidifying agent is too large, cracking of a solidified body may be caused due to the effect of a long-term stress load and wet and dry cycle to accelerate leaching of heavy metal ions in the solid, and the environmental risk is high. First, a natural plant part with heavy metal attraction effect is fermented for extraction of useful components, then carbonized bamboo particles is used as a carrier for adsorption of fermentation extract, finally, the fermentation extract is mixed with diatomite and other materials for preparation of the solidifying agent for stabilizing the heavy metal Cd in the soil for use. The solidifying agent is stable in Cd metal solidification, may not seep out, and has no harm to the environment.

The invention discloses a method for preparing composite quartz slabs by using arsenic-containing waste slag and flotation tailings, which is characterized in that the flotation tailings, arsenic-containing waste slag, unsaturated polyester, coupling agent and curing agent are used as raw materials, Composite quartz slabs are prepared through mixing, pressing and curing processes. The flotation tailings are molybdenite flotation tailings or spodumene flotation tailings. The arsenic-containing waste residue is arsenic-containing waste residue after soot treatment or arsenic-containing waste residue after water treatment. The amount of raw materials added meets: 26-55 parts by weight of flotation tailings, 11-45 parts by weight of arsenic-containing waste residue, 8-10 parts by weight of unsaturated polyester, 0.001-0.0046 parts by weight of coupling agent and 0.001-0.005 parts by weight of curing agent share. The invention realizes the solidification, stabilization and resource utilization of arsenic during the preparation process of the composite quartz slab. The method has wide sources of raw materials, low price, simple technical route, qualified leaching toxicity, and is convenient for industrial implementation.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a river and lake mud solidification and stabilization agent, and belongs to the technical field of environment engineering. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing production raw materials comprising phosphogypsum, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and over-burnt magnesium oxide; drying and grinding the production raw materials; uniformly mixing the dried and ground production raw materials according to a mss ratio of phosphogypsum to potassium dihydrogen phosphate to over-burnt magnesium oxide of 1:1:2 in order to obtain the river and lake mud solidification and stabilization agent. The agent produced through the preparation method has the advantages of low treatment cost, high mud solidification intensity, good pollutant stabilization effect and low environment risk.

The invention discloses a drilled composite pile structure under geological conditions of karst caves / soil caves, and belongs to the technical field of building pile foundation engineering. The invention consists of boreholes, prefabricated piles, cages, clay cement slurry, grouting pipes, karst caves (soil caves), cage longitudinal reinforcement, cage stirrups and geotextiles. The construction of bored cast-in-situ piles under the geological conditions of karst caves often has great difficulties. The method of drilling can be used to implant prefabricated piles, and then clay cement slurry is filled between the prefabricated piles and the boreholes. That is: firstly, drill holes at the designed pile position, and at the same time, fix the protective cage at the corresponding position on the prefabricated pile according to the burial depth of the karst cave (soil cave) under the pile position. It consists of ring-shaped cage stirrups and geotextiles around the stirrups; then the prefabricated piles are hoisted into the holes to ensure that the center of the prefabricated piles coincides with the center of the drilled hole; finally, the clay cement slurry is injected into the hole through the grouting pipe. In the gap between the pile and the drilled hole, the drilled composite pile is formed after the clay cement slurry is solidified and stabilized.