110results about "Molten salts/metals gasification" patented technology

Disclosed are a method and a corresponding apparatus for converting a biomass reactant into synthesis gas. The method includes the steps of (1) heating biomass in a first molten liquid bath at a first temperature, wherein the first temperature is at least about 100° C., but less than the decomposition temperature of the biomass, wherein gas comprising water is evaporated and air is pressed from the biomass, thereby yielding dried biomass with minimal air content. (2) Recapturing the moisture evaporated from the biomass in step 1 for use in the process gas. (3) Heating the dried biomass in a second molten liquid bath at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is sufficiently high to cause flash pyrolysis of the dried biomass, thereby yielding product gases, tar, and char. (4) Inserting recaptured steam into the process gas, which may optionally include external natural gas or hydrogen gas or recycled syngas for mixing and reforming with tar and non-condensable gases. (5) Further reacting the product gases, tar, and char with the process gas within a third molten liquid bath at a third temperature which is equal to or greater than the second temperature within the second molten liquid bath, thereby yielding high quality and relatively clean synthesis gas after a relatively long residence time needed for char gasification. A portion of the synthesis gas so formed is combusted to heat the first, second, and third molten liquid baths, unless external natural or hydrogen gas is available for this use.

A Waste to Liquid Hydrocarbon Refinery System that transforms any municipal solid wastes and hazardous industrial wastes, Biomass or any carbon containing feedstock into synthetic hydrocarbon, particularly, but not exclusively, diesel and gasoline and/or electricity and co-generated heat, comprising three major subsystems: i) the Pyro-Electric Thermal Converter (PETC) (10) and Plasma Arc (PA) waste and biomass gasification subsystem (1); ii) the hydrocarbon synthesis subsystem (2); and iii) the electricity generation and heat co-generation subsystem (3).

Processes and apparatus for treating organic and inorganic materials in a metal bath contained in a high temperature reactor to produce synthesis gas are provided. The feed materials are prepared and analyzed for heat value prior to injection and the composition of materials in and exiting the reactor are monitored. Based upon the results of the analysis and monitoring, oxygen, steam, and/or other feed materials are also injected into the reactor, to control processing and synthesis gas quality.

A method for the gasification of a hydrocarbon-bearing feedstock to produce useful co-products such as high-value hydrocarbon fuels, pure H₂, electricity, and/or ammonia. The method advantageously gasifies the carbon in the feedstock to carbon monoxide (CO) without producing large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Supplemental hydrogen (H₂) is also produced by reacting steam (H₂O) with a metal. The method can advantageously produce two separate syngas streams, one that is CO-rich and one that is H₂-rich.

A method for the production of a hydrogen-containing gas composition, such as a synthesis gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide (H₂:CO) in the synthesis gas can be well-controlled to yield a ratio that is adequate for the synthesis of useful products such as methane or methanol, without the need to remove carbon oxides from the gas stream to adjust the ratio.

A method for the gasification of a hydrocarbon feedstock that has a high moisture content to produce useful co-products such as high-value hydrocarbon fuels, pure H₂, electricity, and/or ammonia. The method advantageously gasifies the carbon in the feedstock to carbon monoxide (CO) without producing large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Supplemental hydrogen (H₂) is co-produced by reacting steam (H₂O) generated from the moisture in the hydrocarbon feedstock with a molten metal.

Gasification of waste is performed in a gasifier having a gasification space (1) and a liquid rotating slag bath (2). The slag bath (2) is preferably caused to rotate by tangentially injecting gasification medium and/or at least a portion of the waste via a burner toward the surface of the slag bath. Waste with a diameter of to 5 mm is preferably introduced into gasifier (1) above the slag bath (2), while larger waste is preferably introduced directly into the slag bath. Slag is a removed, together with cracked gas accumulated during gasification through the floor of the gasifier via a slag drain having a lateral opening which protrudes above the slag bath.

A process for converting coal or other fossil fuel to hydrogen by reacting the fossil fuel or coal with water in a molten salt reactor at elevated temperatures in the presence of a magnesium silicate wherein the magnesium silicate reacts with the CO₂ produced in the reaction, thus removing it from the hydrogen gas product.

An apparatus which includes: a carbonizer (1) which pyrolyzes a biomass to yield a pyrolysis gas and a carbonization product; a furnace (2) in which the carbonization product supplied from the carbonizer (1) is burned; a closed vessel (3) which is disposed in the furnace (2) and holds therein a carbonate (4) which has been melted by the heat generated by the carbonization product burned in the furnace (2); an introduction pipe (5) disposed so that the pyrolysis gas is introduced into the molten carbonate (4) in the closed vessel (3); and a fuel gas supply pipe (6) disposed so that a fuel gas, which is the pyrolysis gas sent through the introduction pipe (5), passed through the molten carbonate (4), and purified by reaction with the molten carbonate (4), is sent from the closed vessel (3) to the outside of the furnace (2).

The invention discloses a gasifier and method for conducting gasification treatment on carbon-bearing raw materials. The gasifier comprises a shell, a smelting pool, an air pipeline and a spray gun, wherein a smelting space is defined by the shell, the smelting pool is arranged at the bottom of the smelting space and used for smelting metal raw materials so as to obtain molten metal, the air pipeline is arranged on the shell, extends into the smelting pool and is used for providing air for the smelting pool so as to utilize the air to conduct oxidation treatment on the molten metal and obtain molten metal oxides, and the spray gun is arranged on the shell, extends into the smelting space and is used for providing the carbon-bearing raw materials and gasifying agents for the smelting space, so that the carbon-bearing raw materials make contact with the gasifying agents, the molten metal oxides and the molten metal, and synthesis gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is obtained. According to the gasifier, the density difference of metal and the metal oxides is utilized to serve as driving force, a high-temperature metal circulation pump which is high in price is not needed, and natural circulation of bed materials in the gasifier can be achieved.

The invention relates to a process of generating hydrogen by cracking biomass with a molten alkali. The process comprises the following steps: filling the molten alkali which is used as a heating, catalyzing and reacting medium into a reactor; introducing a protective gas into the reactor; and setting the reaction temperature between 320 and 900 DEG C and then at the preset temperature, adding the biomass into the reactor to depolymerize organic high polymers. The mass ratio of the molten alkali to the biomass is 50: 1-1: 1; and the pyrolysis product comprises a pyrolysis gas (which also can be called a product gas), a solid carbon and a liquid product. The process has the advantages that: the molten alkali is a good reacting catalyst, and is cheap and easily recyclable; the molten alkali is a good heating medium which quickly transfers heat to the biomass by tightly contacting the biomass so as to realize fast cracking of the biomass; the molten alkali used is low in temperature and can be operated at a relatively low temperature; and the hydrogen generation process has mild conditions, a cracking device is simple, the operation is convenient and the controllability is high.

A method of processing construction and demolition (C&D) debris at a location includes a set of processing steps. The method begins upon receipt of bulk C&D debris at the location. The bulk C&D debris is sorted into at least a first portion for further processing, and a second portion that is set aside. The first portion is then processed into a substantially homogenous wood waste material having particles of a given size by the unordered steps of shredding, screening, metals separation and flotation. The substantially homogenous wood waste material is then dried so that the particles have moisture content within a desired range. The wood waste material particles are then delivered into a molten metal bath at a submerged depth for gasification. Preferably, the process operates in a continuous or partially-continuous manner within a given facility, or within co-located facilities.

A method of producing hydrogen gas from a reaction of carbon monoxide with a base. Hydrogen is produced in a reaction of a base with carbon monoxide that proceeds through the formation of a bicarbonate or carbonate compound as a by-product. In some embodiments, the reaction may occur in the presence of water and may produce carbon dioxide as a by-product. The instant base-facilitated hydrogen-producing reactions are thermodynamically more spontaneous than the water-gas shift reaction and are able to produce hydrogen gas from carbon monoxide at greater reaction rates than is possible with the water-gas shift reaction. Carbon monoxide in a purified or unpurified state or as a component within a mixture of gases is suitable for use in the instant invention. Metal hydroxides are the preferred base reactant. The base reactant can be in the solid phase, molten phase, liquid phase or solution phase.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for gasifying or liquifying coal. In particular, the method comprises reacting a coal with a molten aluminum or aluminum alloy bath. The apparatus includes a reaction vessel for carrying out the reaction, as well as other equipment necessary for capturing and removing the reaction products. Further, the process can be used to cogenerate electricity using the excess heat generated by the process.

A device for converting biomass with a water content of at least 50% to gaseous products includes a reactor filled at least partially with a packing including at least one filler body for accommodating supercritical water and a hydrothermal molten salt. A heater is arranged to heat up the reactor and its content. A first feeding pipe is coupled to the reactor to feed water and salt solution into the reactor. A second feeding pipe is coupled to the reactor to feed to biomass into the reactor. A discharge pipe is coupled to the reactor to discharge gaseous products from the reactor. An outlet is proved in the bottom of the reactor for removing portions of the molten salt.

In various embodiments, the present invention provides a reaction chamber, including a catalyst, and a heating chamber configured to receive light. The heating chamber is positioned underneath at least a portion of the reaction chamber.

The invention relates to the technical field of waste treatment, in particular to a waste treatment system. The harmless high-temperature plasma broad-spectrum waste treatment system comprises a feeding system, a plasmas treatment system, a synthesis gas recycling system, a residual gas treatment system, a washing circulating fluid regeneration treatment system and a waste residue treatment system, wherein the waste flows through the systems sequentially and is changed into slag and synthesis gas, the synthesis gas is recycled and used for generating electricity, produced tail gas is purified and discharged, the washing fluid is treated and recycled, and the slag is recovered and reused. With the adoption of the technical scheme, the defects of single waste treatment type and incomplete treatment by means of a conventional technology are overcome, a secondary pollution source cannot be generated, waste heat and the synthesis gas are sufficiently recovered, the treated slag can further be recycled to generate new economic benefits, resource recycling is further facilitated while the environment is protected, and the harmless high-temperature plasma broad-spectrum waste treatment system has huge social and economic values and commercial utilization prospect.