303results about How to "Controlled heating" patented technology

The time period during which a wafer is stabilized to a predetermined temperature by increasing a thermal conductivity of a junction layer for bonding an electrostatic chuck layer and a support together, and the deterioration of the junction layer that is caused by active species generated by plasma is suppressed. Between the electrostatic chuck layer formed by sintering together a chuck electrode made of tungsten and an insulating layer made of alumina and the support, made of aluminum, for supporting the electrostatic chuck layer, the junction layer is provided to bond the electrostatic chuck layer and the support together. The junction layer is formed by impregnating a porous ceramic with a silicone-based adhesive resin. Further, rubber or a heat shrink tube made of a fluoric resin such as PFA is provided as a soft coating member so as to coat a side circumferential surface of the junction layer and the side circumferential surfaces of the electrostatic chuck layer and the support come into a tight contact with the heat shrink tube or rubber.

PCT No. PCT/GB98/02840 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 14, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 14, 1999 PCT Filed Sep. 18, 1998 PCT Pub. No. WO99/13741 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 25, 1999Food is rendered sterile by UV irradiation, preferably with UV at 265+/-15 nm. A sterilization unit may include UV sources (90, 100, 110, 120) and a heat source, which may be a broad band UV source, a source of IR or microwave radiation. A combined microwave/UV unit can be used to defrost frozen food and simultaneously sterilize it or maintain sterility. Heating prior to UV irradiation can enhance the sterilization, as can rapid cooling after irradiation. Irradiation can also be enhanced by displacing the food during irradiation e.g. by supporting it on a rotatable support (135) and/or by displacing it relative to the support surface.

Disclosed are a method and a corresponding apparatus for converting a biomass reactant into synthesis gas. The method includes the steps of (1) heating biomass in a first molten liquid bath at a first temperature, wherein the first temperature is at least about 100° C., but less than the decomposition temperature of the biomass, wherein gas comprising water is evaporated and air is pressed from the biomass, thereby yielding dried biomass with minimal air content. (2) Recapturing the moisture evaporated from the biomass in step 1 for use in the process gas. (3) Heating the dried biomass in a second molten liquid bath at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is sufficiently high to cause flash pyrolysis of the dried biomass, thereby yielding product gases, tar, and char. (4) Inserting recaptured steam into the process gas, which may optionally include external natural gas or hydrogen gas or recycled syngas for mixing and reforming with tar and non-condensable gases. (5) Further reacting the product gases, tar, and char with the process gas within a third molten liquid bath at a third temperature which is equal to or greater than the second temperature within the second molten liquid bath, thereby yielding high quality and relatively clean synthesis gas after a relatively long residence time needed for char gasification. A portion of the synthesis gas so formed is combusted to heat the first, second, and third molten liquid baths, unless external natural or hydrogen gas is available for this use.

A cryoprobe supports administration of an active agent to a location of cryogenic treatment. The cryoprobe may optionally be combined with a syringe to form a cryoprobe system; alternatively and optionally, the syringe may be external to the cryoprobe.

A method for inhibiting hyperplasia at an anastomotic junction of a vascular fistula or vascular graft comprises exposing the anastomotic junction to vibrational energy at a mechanical index and for a time sufficient to inhibit hyperplasia. Kits are described comprising the catheter or a probe suitable for performing the methods together with instructions for use setting forth the methods. The methods and kits are particularly suitable for treating anastomotic junctions formed to provide vascular access for hemodialysis, hemofiltration, and the like. The methods and kits are also suitable for treating other vascular grafts, such as those formed during cardiac bypass graft surgery, vascular repair, and the like.

A granular biomass burning furnace for use with any appropriate granular biomass, such as grains, cherry pits, etc. The furnace includes a three stage heat exchanger, a fuel injector, a fuel stirrer, an ash ejector, a wash down system, a three stage air inducer, a fuel igniter, and supporting components. The unit includes a computer controller which controls all aspects of the operation of the unit based on information from sensors located throughout the unit. The unit includes a smart logic thermal controller to adjust the output heat of the unit via a variable speed air inducer. The three stage heat exchanger system includes a spiral water jacket surrounding the burn pot, a plurality of heat exchanger baffles in the unit, and a fine finned heat exchanger at the top of the unit. The air inducer provides air to the burn pot from three directions to promote complete combustion.

A cavity-type solar energy receiver for generating high pressure steam, which includes panels of tubes defining a cavity within an outer enclosure. Concentrated solar energy provided by a heliostat enters the cavity opening in the enclosure and evaporates water within some of the tube panels. The evaporating tubes receive hot water from a steam drum by natural circulation and return a mixture of steam and hot water to the steam drum. Additional tube panels are positioned to receive reflected solar energy, which is used to preheat feed water and to superheat steam.

The present invention relates to methods and apparatus that are optimized for producing Group III-N (nitrogen) compound semiconductor wafers and specifically for producing GaN wafers. Specifically, the methods relate to substantially preventing the formation of unwanted materials on an isolation valve fixture within a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor. In particular, the invention provides apparatus and methods for limiting deposition/condensation of GaCl₃ and reaction by-products on an isolation valve that is used in the system and method for forming a monocrystalline Group III-V semiconductor material by reacting an amount of a gaseous Group III precursor as one reactant with an amount of a gaseous Group V component as another reactant in a reaction chamber.

Apparatus and methods for regulating gate delays of synchronous and asynchronous digital circuits. Thermally-sensitive circuits include, generally, temperature sensitive voltage sources outputting a voltage signal indicative of the temperature of the digital circuit, where the voltage signal reflects non-linear temperature sensitivity above a predetermined threshold temperature, and delay mechanisms receiving said temperature sensitive voltage signal(s) as input and being configured to automatically continuously modulate the speed of signal propagation through the circuit in response to said voltage signal, thereby causing circuit elements within the circuits to switch less frequently and consequently causing the circuit elements to generate less heat with increasing circuit temperature.

A method of reflecting impinging electromagnetic radiation by using engineered surfaces of alternating layers of materials having different indices of refraction is described. These layers can be fabrication or applied onto the surfaces of macro-scale objects. Also, a method of limiting the heating within the interior of an object being impinged upon by electromagnetic radiation is described.

A method and an apparatus to control a temperature of a printer head chip. The temperature control apparatus includes a heater, a temperature sensor, and a controller. The heater heats a predetermine portion of the printer head chip. The temperature sensor senses the temperature of the printer head chip. The controller is provided in the printer head chip and provides a control signal to the heater according to the sensed temperature. Accordingly, damage to the printer head chip can be prevented and safety in using the printer can be guaranteed. Also, ink droplets can be accurately ejected from the printer head chip such that printing quality is improved and a life span of the heater is extended.

The present invention relates to methods and systems that result in high quality, reproducible, thermal melt analysis on a microfluidic platform. The present invention relates to methods and systems using thermal systems including heat spreading devices, including interconnection methods and materials developed to connect heat spreaders to microfluidic devices. The present invention also relates to methods and systems for controlling, measuring, and calibrating the thermal systems of the present invention.

A permanent magnet canned motor pump features in its corrosion-protection housing which comprises a reinforced bracket, motor casing and a motor rear casing. The reinforced bracket is made of corrosion-resistance plastic and the motor casing and the motor rear casing are made of aluminum alloy. Accordingly, the corrosion-protection housing is capable of preventing the corrosion of the chemical liquid to the aluminum alloy components. Beside, the permanent magnet canned motor pump provides a heat dissipation mechanism while meets the structural need of the corrosion-protection housing, so that the motor can dissipate heat in a sufficient rate.

A centralized device for dealing with the phenomena of loss of pressure and running flat with a vehicle tire, comprising a means external to the mounted assembly, permanently fixed to the vehicle and able to inject or otherwise bring into the internal cavity of the tire at least one active product, also external to the mounted assembly, and able to treat the phenomena of loss of pressure and ultimately running flat.

The invention relates to a food processor comprising a steam generator and a heating cup, wherein the heating cup comprises a container and a removable lid for sealing the container, the steam generator being coupled to the heating cup via a steam inlet arranged in the lid, the steam inlet being an opening of a steam pipe arranged in the lid and configured to dispense steam in the container when the lid seals the container.

A process for the recovery of natural gas liquids (NGL) (ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene and heavier hydrocarbons) from liquefied natural gas (LNG) is disclosed. The LNG feed stream is split with at least one portion used as an external reflux, without prior treatment, to improve the separation and recovery of the natural gas liquids (NGL).

An electric power tool, which uses a DC brushless motor as a drive source and controls the DC brushless motor by a switching element, can include a tubular housing main body portion accommodating the DC brushless motor, and a grip portion protruding from a side portion of the housing main body portion. The switching element is arranged inside the grip portion, and is spaced apart from an electronic circuit board for an electronic component for operating the switching element.