The invention puts forward a method and device for a blast furnace to blow coal powder. Characterized by employment of several short spray guns, a large incidence angle, accurate positioning of spray guns, small heat radiation and long life of blowpipes, and adoption of ceramic nozzles, the new method and new device of the invention aims to eliminate various defects in prior art, such as small coal powder incidence angle, restriction by high speed hot airflow, inadequate mixing with hot air, long length and long service life of spray guns, large heat radiation and short service life of blowpipes, and hard use of oxygen-coal lances, etc. According to the invention, on the blowpipes of each air ports, each short spray gun is inserted into each installation seat, and coal powder blown into a blast furnace enters from blowing inlets positioned on a lateral side of each installation seat, then reaches the inside of each short spray gun through coal spraying holes that are disposed on tube walls of the short spray guns and are over against the blowing inlets, and is finally blown into the furnace through each short spray gun. The device of the invention at least comprises: a blowpipe with a coal powder precombustion function, short spray guns, installation seats, ball valves, locking devices, coal conveying branch pipes, a distributor, a small ball valve, a coal conveying pipe, and an inlet connecting piece.