The invention discloses a dual-mode plasma igniter. The igniter comprises a shell, an anode, a hollow cathode connecting rod, a replaceable cathode head, a coil, an embedded anode, an insulating layer, a cooling gas inlet, a compressed air inlet, a swirler and a water cooling groove, wherein the anode communicates with one side of the shell, and the water cooling groove for cooling is formed in the inner wall of the anode; the hollow cathode connecting rod is positioned in the shell, the replaceable cathode head communicates with one end of the hollow cathode connecting rod, the cooling gas inlet is formed in the other end of the hollow cathode connecting rod, the insulating layer is wrapped around the outer surface of the hollow cathode connecting rod, and the embedded anode is arranged on the surface of the insulating layer; and the swirler is arranged between the insulating layer and the shell, the compressed air inlet is formed in one side of the shell, and the coil is located on the periphery of the shell. According to the igniter, non-equilibrium plasma discharges, so that the reaction activity is improved; and the discharge voltage required by thermal equilibrium plasma is reduced, and the effects of preventing cathode ablation and prolonging the service life of the cathode are achieved.