47results about How to "Extend cathode life" patented technology

An improved thermionic cathode is provided. The cathode has a carbon-coated cone surface and reduced cone angle (e.g. typically 60 degrees or less) that delivers an electron beam with high angular intensity and brightness and exhibits increased longevity.

Provided is a multiple-cathode central-axis anode arc plasma generator. The multiple-cathode central-axis anode arc plasma generator is of a central-axis column anode structure, three or more than three cathodes are annularly and evenly arranged around an anode column, the anode and the cathodes are mounted and fixed on the same base and are mutually insulated, the base is provided with a water channel, an electricity channel and a gas channel, the outer surface of the column anode is relatively insulated, only a head portion close to an outlet is bared and conductive, thus an electric field is formed between the anode and the cathodes, the whole generator is in the shape of a sealed water-cooled barrel, one end of the generator is provided with a plasma outlet (nozzle), and the nozzle is used for carrying out mechanical compression on arc plasmas. The arc plasmas generated by the plasma generator are stable and concentrated, plasma arcs with the properties of high arc voltage, low current, laminar flow and long beam can be generated, the service life of the anode and the service life of the cathodes are long, the total power of the system is large, and working efficiency is stable and high.

An improved thermionic cathode is provided. The cathode has a carbon-coated cone surface and reduced cone angle (e.g. typically 60 degrees or less) that delivers an electron beam with high angular intensity and brightness and exhibits increased longevity.

This invention relates to a plasma igniter for directly igniting the pulverized coal burner. Said plasma igniter consists of a plasma generator which includes a composite anode, an combined type cathode, an electromagnetic coil and a transmitting coil; a pulverized coal burner which comprises multi-stage chambers for conveying igniting coal, an equipment for adjusting concentration of coal powder and a four-stage burner canister; and a generator brace. Said combined type cathode consists of a cathode plate, a fixation nut, a conductive pipe, an inflowing pipe, an inflowing guiding pipe, a cathode lid and a sealing spacer. The lining for generating electric arc is assembled with the front of cathode. An alloy plate is used as the cathode plate. The nozzle that used for cooling the cathode is first convergent and then expansive, and is placed in the middle of the conductive pipe. The plasma igniter has the advantage of stable burning. It can be used as not only a main burner for the boiler but also an igniting burner. Since oil is not used, lots of petroleum source is saved.

An electric storage battery comprising an electrically neutral alkaline ionic conductor, an anode and a Fe(VI) salt cathode, and having new Fe(VI) salt cathode formulations. The high +6 valence state of the iron in said salt provides the advantage of a high storage capacity, high voltage, and an environmental advantage. The new formulations improve the lifetime of the salt during storage and during battery discharge. The anode may be any of a large variety of conventional anode materials capable of being oxidized.

The invention discloses a cathode structure of an aluminum electrolytic cell, in particular to a method for homogenizing current distribution in aluminum liquid in the aluminum electrolytic cell. At least one cathode steel bar is bound or cast at the lower part of a cathode carbon block, and the cathode steel bar is segmented into a plurality of parts in different positions by partition joints in the length direction; cathode steel bars among the partition joints are completely connected with the cathode carbon block through electric conductors, and the rest of the cathode steel bars on the partition joints are completely insulated with the cathode carbon block through insulators; partition joint insulating material is filled in each partition joint, so that the cathode steel bars on and below the partition joints are insulated; and one end of the cathode steel bar penetrates out of the side part of the electrolytic cell. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the current distribution in the aluminum liquid in the aluminum electrolytic cell is homogenized, horizontal current in the aluminum liquid is greatly reduced, the stability of the electrolytic cell is improved, the electrolytic cell can operate with high efficiency at low polar distance, the aluminum energy consumption per ton can be effectively reduced, the energy-saving effect is significant and the service life of a cathode is simultaneously prolonged.

The invention discloses a cathodic structure of a cathode carbon block and an impermeable layer conductive steel bar, which comprises the cathode carbon block of an electrolytic bath, cathode tamping paste or ferrophosphorus, a conductive steel bar and an impermeable layer, wherein the conductive steel bar is positioned between the cathode carbon block and the impermeable layer; the bottom of the cathode carbon block is provided with a steel bar slot matched with the shape of the conductive steel bar; the cathode tamping paste or pouring ferrophosphorus is tamped in the steel bar slot; the conductive steel bar is provided with a clearance; and the clearance divides part of the conductive steel bar into an upper part and a lower part which are not communicated with each other. The cathodic structure can adjust the current distribution in the upper part and the lower part of the conductive steel bar according to the size, the direction and the length of the clearance and the change of the cross section of the steel bar so as to further adjust the current distribution in the cathode carbon block and an aluminum liquid in the electrolytic bath. The cathodic structure can improve the current distribution in a cathode and the current in the aluminum liquid and improve the stability of the electrolytic bath to further improve the electric energy efficiency and increase the service life of the cathode of the electrolytic bath.

A plurality of high atomic number wires are sintered together to form a porous rod that is parted into porous disks which will be used as x-ray targets. A thermally conductive material is introduced into the pores of the rod, and when a stream of electrons impinges on the sintered wire target and generates x-rays, the heat generated by the impinging x-rays is removed by the thermally conductive material interspersed in the pores of the wires.

The invention belongs to welding technology and relates to a non-contact arc ignition welding gun capable of realizing stable arc ignition and used for vacuum electric arc welding of a hollow cathode.A hollow cathode of the welding gun is directly inserted into central holes of an outer barrel support and an inner barrel support; an outer barrel component of the welding gun comprises an outer barrel water inlet pipe, an outer barrel water outlet pipe, an outer barrel connecting terminal, a hollow barrel wall and an outer base plate; an inner barrel component of the welding gun comprises an air inlet pipe, an inner barrel connecting terminal, an inner barrel water inlet pipe, an inner barrel water outlet pipe, a barrel wall and an inner base plate; the outer barrel component and the innerbarrel component of the welding gun are separated through an insulating bush; and an arc ignition auxiliary circuit is accessed between the outer barrel connecting terminal and the inner barrel connecting terminal. The hollow cathode is arranged in a closed system between the outer barrel and the inner barrel of the welding gun, thereby preventing the hollow cathode from being polluted by metal vapor due to exposing in electric arc; and the welding gun adopts a bi-channel water cooling system, therefore, the cooling effect is good, the working reliability of the electric arc is high, the service life of the welding gun and the hollow cathode is long, and the stable work of the welding control system is ensured.

Apparatus for evaporation of materials for coating of objects by a physical method (PVD) using low voltage electric arc, such apparatus being equipped with a source (4a, 4b, 4) of magnetic field and an anode (3) and a cathode (2a, 2b, 2) of electric arc. At least one cathode (2a, 2b, 2) and at least one source (4a, 4b, 4) of magnetic field can pivot in the coating chamber (1).

The invention provides a method for generating Li2O2 or composites of it, the method uses mixing lithium ions with oxygen ions in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst comprises a plurality of metal clusters, their alloys and mixtures, each cluster consisting of between 3 and 18 metal atoms. The invention also describes a lithium-air battery which uses a lithium metal anode, and a cathode opposing the anode. The cathode supports metal clusters, each cluster consisting of size selected clusters, taken from a range of between approximately 3 and approximately 18 metal atoms, and an electrolyte positioned between the anode and the cathode.

The invention discloses a dual-mode plasma igniter. The igniter comprises a shell, an anode, a hollow cathode connecting rod, a replaceable cathode head, a coil, an embedded anode, an insulating layer, a cooling gas inlet, a compressed air inlet, a swirler and a water cooling groove, wherein the anode communicates with one side of the shell, and the water cooling groove for cooling is formed in the inner wall of the anode; the hollow cathode connecting rod is positioned in the shell, the replaceable cathode head communicates with one end of the hollow cathode connecting rod, the cooling gas inlet is formed in the other end of the hollow cathode connecting rod, the insulating layer is wrapped around the outer surface of the hollow cathode connecting rod, and the embedded anode is arranged on the surface of the insulating layer; and the swirler is arranged between the insulating layer and the shell, the compressed air inlet is formed in one side of the shell, and the coil is located on the periphery of the shell. According to the igniter, non-equilibrium plasma discharges, so that the reaction activity is improved; and the discharge voltage required by thermal equilibrium plasma is reduced, and the effects of preventing cathode ablation and prolonging the service life of the cathode are achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave sources in high power microwave technology, and specifically relates to a high band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator with fast microwave oscillation starting and saturation and high power capacity. The high band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator provided by the invention is of a circular symmetry coaxial structure and is composed of an outer cylinder, a gradient choke cavity structure, a main slow wave structure, an extraction cavity structure, a cathode, a carrier cathode and an electron collector. According to the high band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator provided by the invention, since the gradient choke cavity structure is adopted, and the distance of first interaction cavities is increased, an electron beam emitted by a starting point of the cathode can pass by the surface of a first cavity, and fast microwave oscillation starting and saturation can be realized; moreover, the high band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator provided by the invention can effectively reduce a radio frequency field, reduce the radio frequency breakdown risk of the slow wave structure and effectively improve the power capacity of the devices; and the high band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator provided by the invention further increases the length of the cathode, can reduce the average emission current density of the cathode and is conducive to improving the electron emission uniformity on the surface of the cathode and prolonging the service life of the cathode. These improvements have important significance of improving the output power and pulse width of high ban MIMO.

The invention discloses a directly heated cathode. A refractory oxide containing Y2O3 is adopted as an active substance; and the active substance is subjected to dip-coating on the surface of a pure tungsten filament cathode of which the surface is provided with a tungsten sponge layer to form the directly heated cathode. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the directly heated cathode. According to the directly heated cathode disclosed by the invention, the thermal emission current density of the pure tungsten filament cathode is greatly improved; and the working lifetime of the cathode is prolonged, so that the working lifetime of a high-power continuous wave magnetron is prolonged.

A method for controlling emission of a beam of electrons in an X-ray imaging tube. The X-ray imaging tube has an anode and a cathode. The method comprises a step in which at least one emission device included in the cathode emits an accelerated incident beam of electrons onto an impact focal spot on the anode to generate X-rays. An emission device is associated firstly with an assembly of polarizing plates and secondly with a focusing cup. An electric generator simultaneously applies a beam focusing voltage to the assembly and / or to the cup to control a characteristic dimension of the focal spot, and a cut-off voltage to the cup to control the emission of the beam by the device. The invention also concerns a corresponding cathode, tube and imaging system.

The invention provides a power supply device of a high-voltage cold cathode gas discharging electronic gun and a control method of the power supply device. The power supply device comprises a high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage sampling circuit, an ionization power supply, an ionization voltage sampling circuit, a voltage controlling and adjusting circuit, a beam sampling resistor and a beam controlling and adjusting circuit. According to the technical scheme, sampling signals of the high-voltage sampling circuit, the ionization voltage sampling circuit and the beam sampling resistor serve as feedback quantities and are compared with a set value, the high-voltage power supply, the ionization power supply and a gas flow controller are controlled in a closed loop mode, and therefore output of the high-voltage power supply, the ionization power supply and electronic beams is stable. By means of the technical scheme, the working voltage of the high-voltage cold cathode gas discharging electronic gun can be increased, and a novel electron beam source long in service life can be obtained.

The invention relates to a detecting system for the state of an electrolytic cell. The detecting system is characterized by comprising wireless signal collecting and transmitting module, wireless communication host machines, gateways, a server computer and a workstation; detecting elements are arranged at the sides of the electrolytic cells and are used for detecting the voltages of the electrolytic cells one by one and the temperature of electrolyte; data collected on site is wirelessly transmitted to the signal communication host machines through the wireless signal collecting and transmitting modules; the signal communication host machines transmit the data to a database of the server computer through field buses; electrolytic cell state detecting and managing software is used for analyzing the voltage, temperature and other analytical data of the electrolytic cell into a patterning electrolytic cell state information which is displayed on a workstation interface, and simultaneously the fault state reporting is carried out, and a statement is generated at fixed time. The detecting system has the advantages that the workload of measuring the voltage and the temperature of the electrolyte of workers is greatly reduced, the influence of working environments on the physical health of the workers is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

The invention provides an open type micro-focus X-ray source and a control method thereof. The open type micro-focus X-ray source comprises an open type ray tube, wherein the open type ray tube comprises a cathode system, a deflection system and a focusing system; a high-voltage power supply system which is used for providing emission current I0, acceleration high voltage U0 and grid voltage UG for the electron beam; a vacuum system which is used for carrying out vacuumizing treatment; and a control system which is used for controlling the high-voltage power supply system to adjust the emission current I0, the acceleration high voltage U0, the deflection coil current IXY of the deflection system and the focusing coil current IF of the focusing system according to the beam spot size of the electron beam for bombarding the anode target, so that the beam spot size meets preset requirements. According to the open type micro-focus X-ray source, the input parameters can be automatically adjusted according to the change of the feedback parameters, so that the open type micro-focus X-ray source works under the optimal parameters, errors caused by manual operation are reduced, and emitted X-rays are higher in quality and better in stability.

The invention relates to a cathode material which comprises raw materials of hafnium and rare earth oxide. The mass of the rare earth oxide is smaller than 35% of the total mass of the raw materials of hafnium and rare earth oxide. The cathode material is a rare earth oxide composite hafnium cathode and can be used for manufacturing cathodes of electronic components, such as cathodes of plasma torches and cathodes of magnetrons. Because the electron work function of the rare earth oxide is low, when the rare earth oxide is uniformly distributed in the hafnium matrix material, atoms in the rareearth oxide diffuse and migrate to the surface of the cathode material in the operation process of the plasma torch cathode made of the cathode material, so that electrons are easier to emit. And meanwhile, under the dual action of an electric field and heat, the effect of stabilizing the plasma arc is achieved, local over-fast ablation of the cathode material is reduced, and the service life ofthe cathode is prolonged. The invention further discloses a cathode material preparation method, a plasma torch cathode and a preparation method.

The invention relates to a cathode steel bar, in particular to a composite and high-conductivity cathode steel bar for a cathode during aluminum electrolysis. The composite and high-conductivity cathode steel bar comprises a conductive base body, wherein a cavity with an opening is formed in the conductive base body, a high-conductivity body is arranged in the cavity, and a sealing body is arranged at the opening of the cavity; and in the cavity, a non-conductive region is arranged among the high-conductivity body, the conductive base body and the sealing body, and the contact parts among thehigh-conductivity body, the conductive base body and the sealing body are conductive regions. The composite and high-conductivity cathode steel bar has the advantages that horizontal current in moltenaluminum is homogenized, the stability of the production of an aluminum electrolysis cell is improved, so that the electrolytic cell can operate efficiently and stably at a low polar distance. The conductive performance of the steel bar is improved, the cathode drop of the electrolytic cell is greatly reduced, and the aluminum electrolysis energy consumption is reduced. The current density on thesurface of a cathode carbon block is more uniform, the abrasion rate of the cathode is reduced, and the service life of the cathode is prolonged. The cathode group is more compact, and the investments relevant to linings, groove shells and workshops are reduced.

The invention discloses an impregnated Ba5Sr(WO6)2 cathode and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps that (1) ball-mill mixing is carried out on BaCO3, SrCO3 and WO6 in the mol ratio of (4.8-5.2): (0.9-1.1): (1.8-2.2) for 65 to 75 hours, and then a mixture is pressed into a block; (2) the block is sintered for 3 to 4 hours at the temperature of 1400 + / -50 degree C to synthesize a tungstate; (3) the tungstate is mixed with an activating agent and then ground to obtain an active substance; (4) a cathode whose top end is welded with a tungsten sponge body is embedded into the active substance and dipped in a hydrogen furnace at high temperature; and (5) the obtained cathode is arranged in a numerical control lathe and turned to remove the residual tungstate so that a smooth end surface is exposed, and thus, the impregnated Ba5Sr(WO6)2 cathode is obtained. The preparation method can be used to improve the density of emission current of the Ba5Sr(WO6)2 cathode, improve the reliability of the Ba5Sr(WO6)2 cathode, prolong the service life of the Ba5Sr(WO6)2 cathode, and fundamentally solve the problem that a traditional tungstate cathode is hard to apply.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a Ni-Re-Ir mixed sponge oxide cathode, comprising the following steps: grinding and mixing Ni powder, Re powder and Ir powder in percentage by weight of 70-80%: 5-20%: 5-20% to prepare Ni, Re and Ir metal powder; spraying one layer of binding element on the cathode Ni substrate; coating the Ni, Re and Ir metal powder on the binding element to form an Ni, Re and Ir sponge layer; after drying, removing the dusting flour of the Ni, Re and Ir metal powder; putting the cathode Ni substrate stuck with the Ni, Re and Ir sponge layer into an H2 furnace to be sintered for 10-20 minutes at the temperature of 1250+ / -10 DEG C; after filling triple carbonate in the Ni, Re and Ir sponge layer, spraying a layer of the triple carbonate on the surface of the Ni, Re and Ir sponge layer to prepare the Ni-Re-Ir mixed sponge oxide cathode. The invention improves the emission current density of the Ni-Re-Ir sponge oxide cathode, strengthens the cathode activity and prolongs the cathode service life.

The invention discloses a directly heated cathode. A refractory oxide containing Y2O3 is adopted as an active substance; and the active substance is subjected to dip-coating on the surface of a pure tungsten filament cathode of which the surface is provided with a tungsten sponge layer to form the directly heated cathode. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the directly heated cathode. According to the directly heated cathode disclosed by the invention, the thermal emission current density of the pure tungsten filament cathode is greatly improved; and the working lifetime of the cathode is prolonged, so that the working lifetime of a high-power continuous wave magnetron is prolonged.

In an electron irradiation system, a gas-tight housing encloses a cathode region and an irradiation region, which communicate through at least an aperture. In the cathode region, there is arranged a high-voltage cathode for emitting an electron beam. In the irradiation region, there is an irradiation site arranged to accommodate a stationary or moving object to be irradiated. The migration of cathode-degrading debris is limited by means of an electric field designed to prevent positively charged particles from entering the cathode region via the aperture. The invention can be embodied with an axial electric field, which realizes an energy threshold, or a transversal field which deflects charged particles away from trajectories leading into the cathode region.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a long-period cathode for a space traveling wave tube. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: pressing an outer layer substrate and an inner layer substrate of a cathode; sintering the outer layer substrate and the inner layer substrate of the cathode with hydrogen; immersing the sintered outer layer substrate and the sintered inner layer substrate of the cathode inside 612 aluminate; carrying out braze soldering on a cathode molybdenum barrel, the outer layer substrate and the inner layer substrate of the cathode by utilizing tungsten cobalt alloy soldering flux W20-Co; and carrying out ion etching on a transmitting surface of the cathode, and covering a layer of osmium (Os)- iridium (Ir)-aluminum (Al) film on the transmitting surface. Both the inner layer substrate and the outer layer substrate of the cathode, which are sintered and immersed, are more durable, and the service life of the cathode after being soldered with the cathode molybdenum barrel is long. In addition, the invention also provides a long-period cathode for the space traveling wave tube.

A method for controlling emission of a beam of electrons in an X-ray imaging tube. The X-ray imaging tube has an anode and a cathode. The method comprises a step in which at least one emission device included in the cathode emits an accelerated incident beam of electrons onto an impact focal spot on the anode to generate X-rays. An emission device is associated firstly with an assembly of polarizing plates and secondly with a focusing cup. An electric generator simultaneously applies a beam focusing voltage to the assembly and / or to the cup to control a characteristic dimension of the focal spot, and a cut-off voltage to the cup to control the emission of the beam by the device. The invention also concerns a corresponding cathode, tube and imaging system.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave sources in high power microwave technology, and specifically relates to a high band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator with fast microwave oscillation starting and saturation and high power capacity. The high band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator provided by the invention is of a circular symmetry coaxial structure and is composed of an outer cylinder, a gradient choke cavity structure, a main slow wave structure, an extraction cavity structure, a cathode, a carrier cathode and an electron collector. According to the high band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator provided by the invention, since the gradient choke cavity structure is adopted, and the distance of first interaction cavities is increased, an electron beam emitted by a starting point of the cathode can pass by the surface of a first cavity, and fast microwave oscillation starting and saturation can be realized; moreover, the high band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator provided by the invention can effectively reduce a radio frequency field, reduce the radio frequency breakdown risk of the slow wave structure and effectively improve the power capacity of the devices; and the high band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator provided by the invention further increases the length of the cathode, can reduce the average emission current density of the cathode and is conducive to improving the electron emission uniformity on the surface of the cathode and prolonging the service life of the cathode. These improvements have important significance of improving the output power and pulse width of high ban MIMO.