The invention relates to an efficient meridian acceleration axial flow fan with a casing. The efficient meridian acceleration axial flow fan comprises an air barrel, a motor, blades and a wind wheel. The wind wheel is a cone column, The air barrel is a tubular body of a trapezoidal structure, and in the airflow flow direction, the inner diameter of the front of the air barrel is larger than that of the rear of the air barrel, and the outer diameter of the blades is larger than the inner diameter of the rear of the air barrel and smaller than the inner diameter of the front of the air barrel. A collector is fixedly connected to the front end of the air barrel, and a flow guide barrel is connected to the rear end of the air barrel. The flow guide barrel is composed of an outer barrel body, an inner barrel body and guide vanes. The outer diameter of the front section of the inner barrel body is equal to the outer diameter of the rear end face of the wind wheel. A T-shaped support is arranged in the inner barrel body, the inner barrel body is fixedly connected with the motor through the T-shaped support, 13 radial flow guide vanes are evenly distributed between the inner barrel body and the outer barrel body, and the section of each flow guide vane is in a wing type. When airflow passes through a rotating impeller, blade top leakage is reduced, pressure is increased, the efficiency of the fan is improved, in addition, the airflow is rectified though the guide vanes in the flow guide barrel, and the efficiency of the fan is improved.