The invention discloses an emergency lighting and evacuation indication detection system and method. The system comprises a centralized power supply, a general controller, a number of sub-controllers,fire emergency lamps connected with each sub-controller, a fire alarm, a fire detector, a position sensor, a display screen, an alarm device, a voice broadcaster, a data storage device and a communication unit. The centralized power supply is electrically connected with the general controller, each sub-controller, each fire emergency lamp, the fire alarm, the fire detector, the position sensor, the display screen, the alarm device, the voice broadcaster, the data storage device and the communication unit. The general controller is electrically connected with each sub-controller, each fire emergency lamp, the fire alarm, the fire detector, the position sensor, the display screen, the alarm device, the voice broadcaster, the data storage device and the communication unit. According to the invention, the service life of the fire emergency lamp can be prolonged; the overhaul efficiency and the escape probability are improved; and the escape time is shortened.