The invention discloses a ground-underground combined exploration and treatment method for a mine geological anomalous body. The method comprises the following steps of 1, exploration, wherein the position of the geological anomalous body is determined, that the geological anomalous body is communicated with gray water is determined, and the water burst risk exists, wherein 1.1 mine underground exploration is conducted, 1.2 three-dimensional seismic exploration is conducted, an anomalous area is delineated, and 1.3 ground exploration is conducted mainly by drilling a hole, and a three-opening well body structure is adopted for the drilled hole; and 2, treatment, wherein 2.1 ground treatment is conducted, and 2.2 underground treatment is conducted. According to the ground-underground combined exploration and treatment method for the mine geological anomalous body, directional drilling of the ground and directional long drilling of an underground bottom plate along the layer are combined according to engineering practice, exploration and treatment of the mine geological anomalous body are conducted, the effects that the exploration and treatment time is advanced, the exploration and treatment space range is large, the exploration accuracy is high, the overall elimination effect of water damage hidden danger is good, a water guide fracture channel is effectively blocked, and the treatment effect is obvious are achieved.