34results about How to "No usage cost" patented technology

The invention relates to a method for preparing a microbial fertilizer, a nutrient solution, a fodder and a pesticide and for fermentation bed cultivation by utilizing indigenous microorganism probiotics. The microorganism probiotics are formed by fermenting eight pure natural materials, including indigenous bacteria, green juice, fresh fish amino acid, enzyme alcohol, Chinese prescription nutrient solution, lactic acid bacteria, natural calcium and water-soluble calcium phosphate potassium; the microorganism probiotics contain the mixed flock of various beneficial bacteria, such as, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and yeast; the fertilizer can be used for fertilizing and loosening soil; the agricultural products are free from residue, taste nice and are high in yield; the fodder can be used for guaranteeing no residue on the cultured animal meat product; the meat is tender and free from smell; after the microorganism nutrient solution is used, the microorganism pesticide can prevent and treat insect diseases; the chemical pesticide and the fertilizer residue can be eliminated and decomposed; when the fermentation bed is used for culturing, the excrement cleaning is not required; the animal excrement is decomposed by the fermented padding while beneficial mycoprotein is formed; the fodder can be eaten by the animals; the microbial fertilizer is odorless, zero-emission, environment-friendly, pollution-free to environment and beneficial to the health of human and animals.

Provided is an in-car air quality monitoring and purification regulating system. A storage battery and three devices respectively powered by the storage battery are installed in a car. The three devices are a ventilating device, an adsorption and filtering device and a heating device. A temperature and humidity sensor, a formaldehyde sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a total volatile organic compound sensor and an inhalable particle sensor which are installed in the car are respectively connected with a system control module, and the system control module comprises a sensor signal processing circuit and a power supply on-off control circuit for the three devices. The system can monitor indexes such as in-car air quality and temperature and humidity in real time and start the three devices according to the index overproof conditions; the indexes can also be uploaded through the wireless network to a mobile by the system control module to be displayed in real time; the mobile phone can send instructions to the system control module according to users' requirements to start or shut down the three devices in real time, and purification adjustment of in-car air is achieved.

The invention relates to an energy-saving Chinese date drying bin, belongs to the field of the agricultural product drying equipment, and particularly relates to drying equipment for drying stored and harvested Chinese dates of regions with arid climate and large temperature difference. The energy-saving Chinese date drying bin comprises support legs, a bin bottom plate, a bin gate, an external bin plate, a bin cover, a wind-proof cover plate, an internal bin plate, and an unpowered fan. Chinese dates are put in a cavity between the external bin plate and the internal bin plate. The pressure difference of the bottom outside the drying bin and the top part in the drying bin is generated by utilizing the stack effect and the assist of the unpowered fan, so that the air movement is formed. The air enters from a vent hole, and penetrates a Chinese date layer in the middle to take gasified moisture in the Chinese dates away, an air flow flowing upwards is concentrated and formed in an air channel chamber of the internal bin plate, and finally, the air flow is exhausted from the unpowered fan on the top, so that the aim of removing the moisture and drying the Chinese dates. According to the energy-saving Chinese date drying bin, the investment is low, and no operating cost is required. The energy-saving Chinese date drying bin adopts normal temperature air to dry the Chinese dates, so that the energy-saving Chinese date drying bin has the advantages of stability in keeping the quality of the Chinese dates, energy saving, labor saving, and reduction in environmental pollution. Moreover, the energy-saving Chinese date drying bin has obvious economic and social benefits.

The invention provides a computer safety protection method and a computer safety protection system. The computer safety protection method includes that portable storage device information in a portable storage device and a secret key stored in the portable storage device are matched with a first secret key and a second secret key which are stored in a computer BIOS (basic input / output system) firmware, so that the computer can be safely protected. No password is needed in computer protecting process, the computer safety protection and the user authentication can be realized by the aid of common portable storing devices, a specific drive program is not needed to be downloaded and installed or extra chips or specific devices are not required. The method is easy to operate, no redundant use cost is generated and safe and protective value is high.

The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted information system and a control method thereof. The vehicle-mounted information system comprises a mobile terminal and vehicle-mounted equipment, wherein the mobile terminal is connected with the vehicle-mounted equipment through a USB connecting line; the mobile terminal comprises a first data transmission module and a mobile SDK module; the vehicle-mounted equipment comprises a second data transmission module, a data forwarding module and a vehicle-mounted SDK module; the mobile terminal and the vehicle-mounted equipment establish hardware connection through the USB connecting line, and then establish software connection; the second data transmission module and the first data transmission module each comprise a USB driver; the first data transmission module and the second data transmission module automatically establish connection after being connected through the USB connecting line on hardware; and the data forwarding module and the vehicle-mounted SDK module perform data communication with the mobile terminal by utilizing the established connection after the establishment of the connection. The vehicle-mounted information system and the control method thereof disclosed by the invention achieve data intercommunication between the mobile terminal and the vehicle-mounted equipment, and can control transmitted data at will; meanwhile, the vehicle-mounted information system and the control method thereof can be applied to actual products conveniently and rapidly.

The invention relates to a liquid phase plasma derusting solution of steel and a derusting process. The derusting solution comprises the following components: 1-4wt% of ammonium chloride, 0.5-3wt% of potassium sulfate, and the balance water. The derusting process consists of: a. conducting oil removing treatment on steel to be derusted; b. heating the liquid phase plasma derusting solution, immersing the deoiled steel in the liquid phase plasma derusting solution, introducing a rectifier positive electrode, and connecting a rectifier negative electrode with a negative plate in parallel to conduct derusting; c. taking the steel out after derusting, immersing the steel in deionized water, and then carrying out flushing with deionized water; and d. drying the flushed steel, thus obtaining a derusted steel end product. The liquid phase plasma derusting solution provided in the invention has no damage on operation staff and has no pollution on the environment. The derusting process has the advantages of short derusting time, high efficiency, and improvement of steel surface smoothness, etc.

The invention discloses an impact device for remodeling a pneumatic control type component. The impact device comprises a main shell. According to the impact device, compressed air is adopted as powerneeded during driving, and the characteristics that a driving medium is convenient to take, and use cost is avoided are achieved. Meanwhile, the device can effectively control the pressure of the high-pressure air for driving, and therefore the highest speed of air exhausting is determined, the impact strength is controlled, and the effect is high. The device is provided with a rotary longitudinal height adjusting mechanism of a reverse thread structure, the longitudinal height of a stamping component can be adjusted, and therefore the component can beat the surface of equipment of the same height, and the beating strength is further controlled. In addition, the device is provided with a spiral spring abutting type highest pressure intensity difference control mechanism, the maximum valueof internal air pressure can be controlled, and therefore the internal air pressure is controlled, and the phenomenon that the beating strength is too large due to the fact that the air pressure is too large is avoided.

The invention discloses a concrete piston, a pumping system and a concrete pump. The concrete piston comprises a piston body, a seal body and a guide ring, wherein the seal body and the guide ring are arranged at the front end and the back end of the piston body in the circumferential direction correspondingly. The concrete piston is characterized in that the seal body or / and the guide ring is / and further embedded with solid lubricant. Because the seal body or / and the guide ring is / and further embedded with the solid lubricant, the self-lubricating effect can be achieved, a solid lubrication film is formed between friction contact faces, and direct contact and friction between the friction faces are reduced; and in this way, the friction loss among the seal body and the guide ring of the concrete piston and a conveying cylinder can be lowered without the dependence on external supply, and the service lives of the concrete piston and the conveying cylinder are prolonged. When inputting of external lubricating grease is discontinuous or interrupted, a good lubricating effect is still kept, and the non-lubrication working condition and the dry friction working condition are avoided. Besides, automatic and continuous feeding of the external lubricating grease can be changed to manual and intermittent feeding, the use cost is lowered, and lubricating configuration is simplified.

The invention discloses a pick device for a fetal heartbeat sound. The pick device comprises an interface, a sensor, a sound gathering device, a lead, a loudspeaker or a set of loudspeakers, and a selector switch, wherein the interface is connected with an audio frequency socket of an intelligent device; the sensor is used for receiving the fetal heartbeat sound, and a sound made by a fetal organ is converted into an electric signal by the sensor; the sound gathering device is used for gathering the fetal heartbeat sound, and like an acoustic duct of a horn mouth, the sound gathering device is used for gathering the sound made by the fetal organ; the loudspeaker or the loudspeakers is or are connected with the intelligent device through the interface, and is or are used for playing the sound; the selector switch is used for switching connection between the sensor and the ground so as to meet the OMTP (open mobile terminal platform) standard or the CTIA (cellular telecommunications industry association) standard. According to the pick device disclosed by the invention, the ability of the existing intelligent device of a user is exerted, so that an external device can become simplest, and further, the cost is lowest; the function of the pick device is equal to or more powerful than the existing product.

The invention discloses a method for flocculating microalgae by using flue gas and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of biomass energy. The method comprises the following concrete steps: introducing flue gas containing sulfur dioxide into a nutrient solution where microalgae are cultured until microalga agglomeration algae is generated; carrying out standing; and removing supernatant so as to obtain flocculated microalgae; wherein the microalgae refer to fresh-water microalgae. According to the invention, flue gas from a coal-fired plant is continuously introduced into the microalga nutrient solution and sulfur dioxide hydrate in the flue gas interacts with extracellular polysaccharide organic matters secreted by the surfaces of microalgae, so the negatively-charged extracellular polysaccharide organic matters bond with the sulfur dioxide hydrate and free hydrogen ions produced thereof, surface expulsive force among cells is eliminated, and the balance state of microalgae in the nutrient solution is broken; thus, agglomeration and settlement of microalga cells are realized, and harvesting efficiency reaches 90% or above. The method is simple to operate and high in separation efficiency, has almost no cost and can be applied to separation of microalgae.

The invention relates to a garment comprising a moisture-proof interlayer which covers at least part of a trunk. The interlayer comprises an inner layer and an outer layer which are separable. A plurality of intake hoses are disposed in the moisture-proof interlayer; two ends of every intake hose are fixed to the inner layer and the outer layer, respectively; the intake hoses are bendable; the wall of each intake hose is provided with an air outlet; the intake hoses can push the outer layer out during inflating. The moisture-proof interlayer is provided with an exhaust hole and a water outlet both facing out; both the exhaust hole and the water outlet are provided with check valves. The garment is further provided with a water storage bag, a mist generator, a blower and a semiconductor refrigerating component; an exhaust tube of the blower is communicated with the intake hoses; a mist generation hole of the mist generator is connected to the exhaust tube of the blower; the semiconductor refrigerating component comprises a semiconductor refrigerator and a power supply connected with the semiconductor refrigerator; a refrigerating face of the semiconductor refrigerator is embedded in a mist outlet of the mist generator.

The invention discloses a medicine adding mixed reactor which comprises a mixing cylinder (1). A feeding cylinder (2) is arranged at one side of the mixing cylinder (1), a discharging cylinder (3) isarranged at the other side of the mixing cylinder (1), a liquid inlet (4) is formed in the end of the feeding cylinder (2), a medicine adding pipe (9) is connected to the feeding cylinder (2), a firstflange (6) is arranged on the outer side of the liquid inlet (4), a liquid outlet (5) is formed in the end of the discharging cylinder (3), a second flange (7) is arranged at the outer side of the liquid outlet (5), a screw blade (8) is longitudinally arranged inside the mixing cylinder (1), and the two ends of the screw blade (8) correspond to the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the mixing cylinder (1) respectively. The mixed reactor has the advantages that the reactor is installed in a water inlet pipeline of a water treating system, water and medicament are rapidly mixed to be uniform through the screw blade in the conveying process inside the pipe, convenience is provided for the next treatment process, and no any power source needs to be added in the whole process.

The invention relates to a novel water-based inorganic quenching agent which is characterized by being prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1 to 10 percent of glycerol, 0.1 to 10 percent of diethanol amine, 0.1 to 10 percent of triethanolamine, 0.1 to 10 percent of sodium benzoate, 0.1 to 10 percent of sodium formate, 0.005 to 1 percent of sodium hydroxide and the balance of water. The quenching agent provided by the invention is high in cooling speed in a high-temperature stage and relatively low in cooling speed in a low-temperature stage, so that the quenching agent can satisfy the hardenability of a material and also prevent relatively high internal stress from being generated in a workpiece; therefore, the performance of the workpiece is improved; and furthermore, the quenching agent is safe, environmentally friendly, colorless, tasteless, sediment-free, non-combustible, pollution-free, inverse solving-free and low in use cost, and little quenching agent can be brought out.

The invention discloses a leg training device for track and field sports, which includes a ladder, a column and a slow-down mechanism; the column stands upright on the ground, and the slow-down mechanism includes a first pedal, a fixed pulley, a counterweight and a first rope, The first pedal is installed on the column and can move up and down along the column. The first rope is wound on the fixed pulley and the two ends are respectively connected to the counterweight and the first pedal. When the counterweight falls to the ground, the first pedal and the highest point of the ladder flush. The leg training device of the present invention is equipped with a slow-down mechanism on one side of the ladder. After the athlete reaches the highest level of the ladder, the athlete can step and stand on the first pedal, and the athlete will slowly fall to the ground along with the first pedal, without the need for the athlete to Walk down the stairs by yourself to prevent athletes from frequently going down the stairs and damaging their knees.

The invention discloses a sintering flue gas activated carbon desulfurization process acid-making wastewater recycling system and a method thereof. The system comprises a first-stage reaction tank, wherein the first-stage reaction tank is sequentially connected with a second-stage reaction tank, a third-stage reaction tank, a preheater, a climbing film heater, a vacuum evaporator, a crystallizer,a centrifugal machine and a multi-layer fluidized bed dryer through a main pipeline; wherein the first-stage reaction tank is respectively connected with an ammonia water pipe and an acid-making wastewater pipe, the second-stage reaction tank is connected with an ammonia water pipe, the third-stage reaction tank is connected with an aeration pipe or a double-ammonia-water pipe, and the first-stagereaction tank and the second-stage reaction tank are both connected with the multilayer fluidized bed dryer; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, pretreating acid-making wastewater, andthen recycling sulfur and nitrogen elements; and finally, drying activated carbon sludge, heavy metal sludge and ammonium sulfate crystal particles. The method is small in occupied area, small in investment and easy to implement on site.

The invention discloses a desktop type device and method for in-situ measurement of the thickness of a sample under static high pressure, and relates to the technical field of in-situ measurement of the thickness of the sample in a high-pressure sound velocity experiment. The device comprises a control computer, a micro-focus X-ray machine, a large-cavity high-pressure device, an X-ray image detector, an X-ray machine displacement system, a detector displacement system and a shock insulation optical platform, the micro-focus X-ray machine is mounted on the X-ray machine displacement system, and the X-ray image detector is mounted on the detector displacement system; a to-be-tested sample is placed in an anvil of the large-cavity high-pressure device; the X-ray machine displacement system, the large-cavity high-pressure device and the detector displacement system are horizontally mounted on the shock insulation optical platform in sequence; and each subsystem is connected with a control computer through a cable for remote control and data transmission. Compared with a traditional scheme based on a synchrotron radiation light source, the experiment cost and space are greatly reduced, operation and use are easy, and popularization to common small laboratories is facilitated.

The invention relates to a liquid phase plasma derusting solution of steel and a derusting process. The derusting solution comprises the following components: 1-4wt% of ammonium chloride, 0.5-3wt% of potassium sulfate, and the balance water. The derusting process consists of: a. conducting oil removing treatment on steel to be derusted; b. heating the liquid phase plasma derusting solution, immersing the deoiled steel in the liquid phase plasma derusting solution, introducing a rectifier positive electrode, and connecting a rectifier negative electrode with a negative plate in parallel to conduct derusting; c. taking the steel out after derusting, immersing the steel in deionized water, and then carrying out flushing with deionized water; and d. drying the flushed steel, thus obtaining a derusted steel end product. The liquid phase plasma derusting solution provided in the invention has no damage on operation staff and has no pollution on the environment. The derusting process has the advantages of short derusting time, high efficiency, and improvement of steel surface smoothness, etc.

The invention discloses a vest and belongs to multifunctional clothes. The vest comprises a vest body, wherein a plurality of water bags capable of contacting the body surface are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the vest body, and the water bags are formed by organic waterproof materials in a sealing mode. The vest is ingenious in structural design, convenient to use, capable of cooling the human body rapidly and strong in practicability.

The invention discloses a novel clean energy produced via deep processing of sawdust and a preparation method of the novel clean energy. The preparation method comprises the steps of S1, processing sawdust, to be specific, crushing sawdust from board processing enterprises with a crushing machine so that particle size of the sawdust is uniform, with no impurities present and water content being 10-14%; S2, heating and moistening, to be specific, conveying the processed sawdust into a reactor, introducing steam for heating and moistening, controlling the constant temperature to 80-85 DEG C for1 hour, and emptying non-condensed gas; and S3, adding a catalyst, to be specific, adding the catalyst into a container, adding deionized water so that the concentration ratio of the catalyst is 1 / 1000. The novel clean energy and the preparation method thereof have the advantages that the wood fractionation mode is changed, a boiling fermenting method is utilized, direct heating by waste-heat steam has less energy consumption than indirect heating by steam, and compared with the anaerobic combustion method which requires mass heat and has high energy consumption and material consumption, the boiling fermenting method herein has lower control temperature, more thorough decomposition, zero smoke emission, good waste recyclability and zero ash.

The invention belongs to the field of purification of gases and particularly relates to a gas purifier for purifying fine particulate matters. The gas purifying module mainly comprises a purifying main body, a purifying solution and a motor, the purifying main body is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the gas purifier is characterized by further comprising a bearing system and a flow stirrer for stirring and mixing the gas and purifying solution, the purifying main body comprises a purifying main body I and a purifying main body II, the purifying main body I and the purifying main body II form a purifying cavity, the purifying solution is arranged in the purifying cavity, the bearing system is connected with the flow stirrer to fix the flow stirrer on the purifying main body, andthe flow stirrer is driven by the motor to stir and mix the gas needing to be purified with the purifying solution in the purifying cavity. The cost and the later-period use cost of the gas purifierare very low, the fine particulate matters are relatively thoroughly filtered at the same time, the accumulated total quantity of the filtered fine particulate matters is huge, and the remarkable economic, social and environmental benefits are produced.

The invention discloses a multi-function multi-part treating health caring stone needle belt, comprising an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer, wherein the inner layer is composed of a fibre fabric cloth layer with spontaneous hot tourmaline element far infrared anion, and the surface is densely covered with tourmaline crystal flavor powders; OK cloth is applied to the middle layer; stone needle loose beads with cavity and hexagonal shapes are applied to the outer layer are arranged into a abacus shape, stone needle beads in each vertical row are bunched by a nylon rope according to the vertical arrangement, the upper and the lower ends of the nylon rope are respectively fixed on the upper and the lower ends of the health care belt; and the two ends of the health care belt are equipped with health care belt connecting devices. The health care stone needle belt has the advantages of convenient use, wide scope of application and good effect of losing weight function, and has the excellent and exact effects of healing, preventing, health care, health promotion and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of microorganisms and fermentation, and particularly discloses natto with weight-losing, lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects as well as a preparation method and application of the natto. The natto is obtained by fermenting Cang bean 13 through bacillus subtilis HAU-SDZ6, and the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis HAU-SDZ6 is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) NO.24151. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the natto. The natto provided by the invention can obviously reduce fat accumulation of a test mouse at low concentration, reduce the triglyceride level and the total cholesterol level in serum of the mouse and relieve inflammatory response caused by obesity, namely, the natto provided by the invention can also play a better role in reducing fat and resisting inflammation when being used at low dosage; the application prospect in the field of weight-losing health food preparation is high, the use cost can be effectively reduced, toxic and side effects are avoided, the safety is high, and the market prospect and the application value are high.

The invention provides an intelligent power control system and a power control circuit. A controller, a power supply, a sampler, a large power controller and a small power controller are included. A pure electronic control method is adopted, and a PCB design and an appearance heat dissipation design are cooperated so that a large power driving capability is reached. Simultaneously, through sampling an output current in real time and cooperating with an input control state, state information of each path of power channel which carries out open circuit, a short circuit, overcurrent and the like can be acquired. The information is sent to a display unit through a CAN bus so as to carry out real-time state display and alarm. On a power control device, through an LED, a work state of power output is directly indicated. When the overcurrent and the short circuit are generated, an output channel can be automatically cut off so as to prevent a safety accident. The system and the circuit are safe, any components do not need to be replaced, and once a peripheral fault is overcome, the system and the circuit are automatically recovered to be normal and there is no use cost.

The invention provides a computer safety protection method and a computer safety protection system. The computer safety protection method includes that portable storage device information in a portable storage device and a secret key stored in the portable storage device are matched with a first secret key and a second secret key which are stored in a computer BIOS (basic input / output system) firmware, so that the computer can be safely protected. No password is needed in computer protecting process, the computer safety protection and the user authentication can be realized by the aid of common portable storing devices, a specific drive program is not needed to be downloaded and installed or extra chips or specific devices are not required. The method is easy to operate, no redundant use cost is generated and safe and protective value is high.

The invention belongs to the field of purification of gases and particularly relates to a gas purifying device for purifying fine particulate matters. The gas purifying system mainly comprises a purifying main body, a purifying solution and a motor, the purifying main body is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the gas purifying device is characterized by further comprising a flow stirrerfor stirring and mixing the gas and the purifying solution, the purifying solution is arranged in a cavity of the purifying main body, and the flow stirrer is driven by the motor to stir and mix the gas needing to be purified with the purifying solution in the cavity of the purifying main body. The cost and the later-period use cost of the gas purifying device are quite low, the fine particulate matters are relatively thoroughly filtered at the same time, the accumulated total quantity of the filtered fine particulate matters is huge, and the remarkable economic, social and environmental benefits are produced.

The invention belongs to the field of purification of air, and particularly relates to an air purifying module for purifying fine particulate matters. The air purifying module comprises a purifying main body and a purifying solution, the purifying main body is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air purifying module is characterized by further comprising a flow stirrer for stirring and mixing the air and purifying solution, the purifying solution is arranged in a purifying main cavity, and the air needing to be purified is stirred and mixed with the purifying solution in the purifying main cavity when the flow stirrer rotates. The cost and the later-period use cost of the air purifying module are very low, the fine particulate matters are relatively thoroughly filtered at thesame time, the accumulated total quantity of the filtered fine particulate matters is huge, and the remarkable economic, social and environmental benefits are produced.

The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted information system and a control method thereof. The vehicle-mounted information system comprises a mobile terminal and vehicle-mounted equipment, wherein the mobile terminal is connected with the vehicle-mounted equipment through a USB connecting line; the mobile terminal comprises a first data transmission module and a mobile SDK module; the vehicle-mounted equipment comprises a second data transmission module, a data forwarding module and a vehicle-mounted SDK module; the mobile terminal and the vehicle-mounted equipment establish hardware connection through the USB connecting line, and then establish software connection; the second data transmission module and the first data transmission module each comprise a USB driver; the first data transmission module and the second data transmission module automatically establish connection after being connected through the USB connecting line on hardware; and the data forwarding module and the vehicle-mounted SDK module perform data communication with the mobile terminal by utilizing the established connection after the establishment of the connection. The vehicle-mounted information system and the control method thereof disclosed by the invention achieve data intercommunication between the mobile terminal and the vehicle-mounted equipment, and can control transmitted data at will; meanwhile, the vehicle-mounted information system and the control method thereof can be applied to actual products conveniently and rapidly.

The invention discloses a wall hanging stove input hot water heat exchange system. The wall hanging stove input hot water heat exchange system includes a smoke outlet pipe; a spiral metal pipe winds the inner side of the smoke outlet pipe; a heat absorption fin group is tightly attached to the inner side of the spiral metal pipe; an input end of the spiral metal pipe is arranged in a water adding opening through a water adding pump, and an output end of the spiral metal pipe is connected to a water adding opening of the wall hanging strove through a first solenoid valve; a circulating pipe is arranged between an input end of the water adding pump and an input end of the first solenoid valve; the circulating pipe is provided with a second solenoid valve; and a third solenoid valve is arranged between the water adding pump and the water adding opening. The wall hanging stove input hot water heat exchange system can be combined with an electrical heating system and a solar heating system, heat recovery can be performed through self-heat rejection, use cost is less after construction is finished, and heat pollution during use of a wall hanging stove can be reduced.