The invention discloses a holographic exposure device of any groove grating structure and an exposure method thereof. The device comprises a laser and a main beam splitter, wherein a beam emitted by the laser is divided into a plurality of beams of light paths through the main beam splitter; each beam of light path passes through a sub-exposure unit; and the sub-exposure unit comprises an adjustable optical attenuator, a beam splitter, a first reflector, a second reflector, a first collimating beam expander, a second collimating beam expander, a rotary platform, piezoelectric ceramic and a driver, a microscope objective set, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) receiver and a driving circuit, a data acquisition card and a computer. According to the holographic exposure device and the exposure method thereof, holographic manufacturing of any groove grating can be realized by using the idea of Fourier decomposition. A CCD is arranged in the device, so that a vibration drift condition of an interference fringe can be reflected in real time, the piezoelectric ceramic is driven thereby, the locking of the interference fringe is realized, the influence of fringe jitter on long-term exposure is avoided, meanwhile, the phase of each group of interference fringes is accurately controlled according to information on the interference fringes after beam expansion, and matching and superposing of a plurality of groups of interference fringes are realized.