The present invention provides a workpiece three-dimensional dimensions automatic detection system and method based on laser scanning. The system comprises a three-dimensional moving platform, a three-dimensional moving platform numerical control module, a laser scanning sensor, a laser scanning sensor numerical control module, a laser scanning sensor rotating mechanism, a power module and detection software, and belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional scanning and digital analysis. According to the system, the numerical control three-dimensional moving platform is used, so that total dynamic measurement is implemented, manual movement detection is replaced, and detection efficiency is improved; a pneumatic floating slideway is used, so that movement precision is improved; thelaser scanning sensor rotating mechanism is assembled on a Z-axis pneumatic floating slideway, so that deflexion of the laser scanning sensor can be implemented, and a workpiece is scanned from different angles; and a blue line sweeping laser scanning sensor is selected, so that anti-interference is strong, and measurement precision is high.