The invention relates to an X-ray focus lens vertical installation and adjustment system and method, which solves the problems that the gravity introduced in the assembling process of a focus lens tube influences a facial form and the assembling precision is relatively low. The X-ray focus lens vertical installation and adjustment system comprises a parallel light tube, a focus lens tube, a focuslens installation and adjustmentassembling system, a semitransparent semi-reflective mirror, a reflection mirror, a receiving screen, a CCD camera and a computer; the focus lens installation and adjustmentassembling system comprises a fixed disc, a micrometer head, a suspension rope and a pulley, the pulley is fixedly arranged on the fixed disc, one end of the suspension rope is connected with themicrometer head, and the other end is connected with the focus lens tube; and the outgoing light of the parallel light tube perpendicularly enters the focus lens tube, the outgoing light of the focuslens tube is divided into two beams by virtue of the semitransparent semi-reflective mirror, one beam directly enters the receiving screen, the other beam is reflected by the reflection mirror to receiving the screen, the two beams of light form the centroid of focal spot in front of and behind a focus, and the CCD camera records and transfers the centroid of focal spot to the computer. The invention also provides an installation and adjustmentassembling method based on the system.