The invention provides a low-shrinkage early-strength mine filling gel material for superfine iron tailings and belongs to the technical field of metal mine underground filling. The low-shrinkage early-strength mine filling gel material comprises, by weight, 50-90% of mineral residue powder, 5-25% of cement clinker, 1-30% of slag powder, 0-15% of gypsum, 0.5-10% of an alkaline activator, 0-10% ofan early strength agent, 0.1-10% of an anti-cracking material, and 0.5-10% of a suspending agent. Low-shrinkage early-strength mine filling slurry with effectively reduced usage of additives, good mobility and high early strength is finally acquired by: studying the functionality of mine filling gel materials, selecting mineral residue powder, cement clinker, slag powder, gypsum, the alkaline activator, the early strength agent, the anti-cracking material and the suspending agent as the mine filling gel materials, and adaptively studying their ratio. The low-shrinkage early-strength mine filling slurry has the advantages of good strength, good size stability and the like, and all the properties exceed those of a cement material.