The invention relates to a method for forming a mullite-based ceramic cylinder reinforced composite wear-resistant steel plate. The method comprises the following technological processes that firstly, sillimanite and iron composite powder is prepared, according to the matching ratio, the sillimanite and iron composite powder comprises, by weight, 80 percent of sillimanite power and 20 percent of Fe powder, the sillimanite power and the Fe powder are evenly mixed and are pressed into a round-head cylindrical precast block in a round-head cylindrical closed-type extruding die, under the constant pressure, the round-head cylindrical precast block is sintered for two hours at the temperature of 1750 DEG C to form mullite, and round-head mullite-based composite material cylinders are obtained; secondly, plain carbon steel is taken as a matrix steel plate, the periphery of the matrix steel plate is manufactured to a reaction tank by using refractory bricks and box sealing mud, round heads of the round-head mullite-based composite material cylinders are placed on the surface of the steel plate upwards, certain gaps are reserved between the round-head mullite-based composite material cylinders, a steel plate with round blind holes in the surface is used for pressing the round heads of the round-head mullite-based composite material cylinders, the round-head mullite-based composite material cylinders are preheated at the temperature of 300 DEG C, then molten steel is cast in the gaps of the round-head mullite-based composite material cylinders, the molten steel, the cylinders and the steel plate are welded together in a casting mode, and the mullite-based ceramic cylinder reinforced composite wear-resistant steel plate is formed. The method is high in interface bonding strength and excellent in wear-resisting property.