The invention relates to a belt load distribution detection system and method based on multi-sensing information fusion. The system comprises a data acquisition and information fusion platform, a mining visual material flow sensor, a mining visual lump coal sensor, a mining ultrasonic ranging sensor and a mining belt speed sensor, a data set is constructed after installation, data collection and data preprocessing in sequence, feature fusion, field data feature fusion and decision-level fusion are achieved through a neural network, and a global optimal decision is made. According to the invention, under the cooperation of hardware and software, the efficiency and performance of the detection method are both considered, the processing method is optimized on the premise of ensuring the detection accuracy, the stability and robustness to interference and noise processing are high, the equipment is simple, the method is easy to implement, and the real-time processing effect is strong.