The invention discloses a control system of a logging drilling sidewall coring tool. The control system comprises a drilling coring ground control box, a winch depth device, a variable frequency power source, a downhole instrument circuit part and a downhole instrument hydraulic part, wherein data acquisition and feedback control are performed on the coring tool through the drilling coring ground control box, various states of a downhole instrument can be detected in time through the downhole instrument circuit part, the power supply state of a downhole motor and the power supply state of the downhole instrument are monitored through a sensor, and the downhole motor can be adjusted and controlled by processing acquired data and controlling the variable frequency power source. According to a control method, automatic control over coring of the coring tool is achieved through the ground control box, an execution motor can be continuously started, a backup arm expands, the stretching displacement of a punch pin is minimal, the pressure of a second pump is maximal, a hydraulic motor rotates, a drill bit stretches out, the hydraulic motor stops rotating when the drilling displacement reaches the core breaking position, and a series of continuous actions that the core breaking drill bit retreats and is taken back is completed.